938 



INDEX. 



Chara fragilis, structure and reproduction, 



ii. 660. 

 Chara rudis, ^eat lime accumulator, L 260. 

 Chara stelligera, starch stars, ii. 660. 

 Characeffl, i. 424; ii. 606. 



— apical-cell, division, i. 578. 



— fossil, fruits, ii. 661. 



— hme depositioQ, strengtheuiug, i. 425 



— structure and reproduction, ii. 659. 

 Characium, nature of, ii. 639. 

 Oharales, ii. 659, 



Cheilanthus odora, rolling up of frond, i. 314. 

 Gheiranthus Cheiri, possible cause of doub- 

 ling, ii. 554. 



scent, ii. 201. 



vitality of spermatoplasm, ii. 96. 



Chelidonium, autogamy, ii. 341, 



— ovary, ii. 76. 



Chelidonium majus, caruncle, ii. 425. 



epiphyllous buds, ii. 43. 



latex, i, 470. 



Chemical afQnity, i. 58, 

 Chenopodiacere, ii. 468. 



— androecium, ii. 750. 



— embryo, ii. 422. 



— esstipulate, ii. 749. 

 Chenopodium Bonus-Henricus, i. 450. 

 Ohenopodium Quinoa, endosperm, ii. 750. 

 Cherleria sedoides, nectaries, ii. 176. 

 Chermes, parthenogenesis, ii. 464. 

 Chermes abietis, and gall foi-mation, ii. 534, 



544, 551. 

 Cherry, Dwarf. See Primus Ghamcecerasits. 



— protection, ii. 446. 

 Cherry-gum, source, i. 458. 

 Chervil. See Chcerophyllum. 

 Chestnut. See Gastanea. 



Cbickweed, common. See Stellaria media. 

 Chili Pine. See Araucaria imhricata, 

 Chinese, and artificial crossing, ii. 555. 



— galls, ii. 535. 



— Primrose. See Primula siTiensis. 



— Tree of Heaven. See Ailanthus glandu- 



losa. 

 Chirita sinensis, epiphyllous buds, ii. 43. 

 Chiron omus and Aristolochia Olematitis, ii. 



244. 



— and Arum Italicum, ii. 165. 

 Ohitinous insects, protection against, ii. 237. 

 Chives. See A lliuvi Schcenoprasum. 

 ChlamydomonadeEe, description, ii. 628. 

 Cblamydomouas, reproduction, ii. 629. 



— vacuoles of swarm-spore, i. 30. 

 Chlamydospore and teleutoapore, ii. 684. 

 Chlamydospores, in Hemiasci, ii. 674, 



— nature of, ii. 685. 



— of Ascomycetes, ii. 676. 



— of Hemibasidii, ii. 674. 



— of Mucor, ii. 673. 

 Chlorangium, life-cycle, ii. 636. 

 Chloranthy. See Antholysid. 

 Chlorenchyma, of switch -plants, i. 331, 



— transpiring tissue, i. 278. 

 Chlorine, i. 83. 



— in ash of plants, i. 66. 

 Chloroehytrium Lemnie, habitat, life-histofy, 



ii. 637. 

 Chlorophyceaj, ii. 606. 



— alliances of, ii. 620. 



— biological importance, ii. 627. 



— description, ii. 627. 



— reproduction, ii. 628. 

 OhlorophyU, i. 460. 



— absence not essential character of sapro- 



phytes, i. 103. 



— and depth of water, i. 387. 



— and light, i. 391 ; ii. 510. 



— distribution in mesophyll, i. 279. 



— fluorescence and function, i. 519. 



— in aerial roots, i. 754. 



— in Algce, i. 375. 



— in cotyledons, i. 622. 



— in cotyledons and endosperm of Mistletoe, 



i. 206. 



— in relation to saprophytism, i. 102. 



— in roots, i. 766. 



— iron necessary for formation of, i, 67. 



Chlorophyll, modus operandi, i. 379. 



— presence in all members, i. 375. 



— properties, composition, ash, theories 



about, i. 372. 



— protection, i. 390. 

 Chlorophyll-corpuscles, action on carbonic 



acid. i. 60. 

 and decomposition of carbonic acid, &c., 



i. 63, 465. 371. 



and streaming protoplasm, i. 34. 



arrangement, i. 375. 



^ — changes in autumn leaves, i. 486. 



composition and activity, i. 430. 



function, general considerations, i. 377. 



in motile protoplasts, i. 30. 



in protooema of Luminous Moss, i. 385. 



movements, i. 380. 



of Floridege, i. 390. 



protean properties, i. 381. 



shape, &c., i. 42, 139. 



situation in cell, shape, multiplication, 



number, i. 371, 373. 



sta,rch-grains in, i. 459. 



Chlorophytum comosum, vegetative propa- 

 gation, ii. 820. 

 Cholera, i. 162, 163, 265, 506. 

 Cholera Bacterium. See Spirochcete choleroB 



asiaticce. 

 Chondrilla, geitonogamy, ii. 319. 

 Chondrioderma ditforme, life-history, i. 572. 

 Christiania, time of flowering, i. 518. 

 Chromatophore, behaviour in MougeotiaccEe, 

 ii. 658. 



— fate in male gamete of Spirogyra, ii. 658. 



— of Chlamydomonaa, ii. 629. 



— of Hydrodictyon, ii. 640. 



— of Pediastrum, ii. 639. 



— reduction in male gametes, ii. 633. 

 Chromatophores of Conjugatse, ii. 654. 



— of Desmids, ii. 655. 



— of Dinoflagellata, h. 625. 



— of Spirogyra, ii. 654. 

 Chroococcacese, as lichen-algge, ii. 692. 



— characteristic genera, ii. 621. 

 Chroococcus, alga of Cora, ii. 695, 

 Chroococcuscinuamomeus.brick-redpatches, 



i. 105. 



Chroolepidcie, symbionts of Lichens, dis- 

 persal, i. 246. 



Chrysanthemum and ancient crossing, i. 555. 



Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum, effect of 

 mutilation, ii. 517. 



Chrysobalanus, flower, ii. 293, 779. 



Chrysosplenium, dehiscence of pollen-sacs, 

 ii. 92. 



Chrysosplenium altemifolium, autogamy, ii. 

 379. 



Chytrideee, microscopic parasites, i. 169. 



— selection of host, i. 171. 

 Chytridiaceae, ii. 606, 668. 



— characters, ii. 671. 



— sporangia and spores, ii. 17. 

 Chytridium OUa, life-history, i, 170. 

 sporangia, &o., ii. 17. 



swarm-apore development, ii. 669. 



Cibotium, protection of sporangia, ii. 13. 

 Cicada and cuckoo-spit, ii. 490, 544. 

 Cichorium, protection of pollen, ii. 114. 

 Cichorium Intybus, latitude and closing, ii. 



217, 218. 

 Cicuta virosa, absorptive cells of, i. 91. 

 Cider, i. 507. 

 CiUa, fate of, i. 31- 



— of Bacteria, ii. 623. 



— of swarm-spores, ii. 17. 



— of Vaucheria clavata, i. 24. 



— sorts of, i. 29. 



— vibratile, function of, i. 57. 

 Oilissa, sheltering in flowers, ii. 163. 

 Cimicifuga, coloured stamen-fiJaments.ii. 183. 



— nectaxies, ii. 179. 

 Cimicifuga f oetida, scent, ii. 202. 

 Cinchona, capsule, ii. 431. 



— seed, ii. 423. 

 Cincinnus, i. 738. 



Oinchdotus riparius, as mud-collector, i. 

 267. 



Cinnamomum.debiscence of pollen-sacs, ii. 93. 



— foasU, i. 636. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 124. 



— venation, i. 629. 

 Oinnamomum Zeylanicum, ii. 752. 

 Cinnamyl-alcohol, scent, ii. 200. 

 Cinnyridse, and transference of pollen, ii. 247. 

 Oinquefoil. See Potentilla. 



— Marsh. See Comarum palustre. 

 CinquefoUs, vernation, i. 350. 

 CircEea, pollen-grains, ii. 99, 101, 102, 

 Circyea alpioa, absorptive cells and food- 

 absorption, i. 114. 



autogamy, ii. 343, 344. 



flower, ii. 236. 



fruit, ii. 343. 



habitat, i, 110. 



inflorescence and flowers, ii. 343- 



pollen-graina, ii. 98. 



tubers, ii. 796. 



CircKea Lutetiana, hooked fruit, ii. 871. 

 Circumnutation, nature of, i. 684. 

 Cirrhua foharis, &c., i. 692, 694. 

 Cirsium, distribution of sexes, ii. 299, 



— hybrida, ii. 558, 585. 



— imperfect flowers, ii. 294. 



— results of various crossings, ii. 560. 



— spinose leaves, i. 438. 



— variation in hybrids, ii. 593. 



Cirsium affine, vegetative propagation, ii. 

 459. 



Cirsium aquilonare, hybrid, ii. 560. 



Cirsium arvense, and bud-galls of Urophora 

 cardui, ii. 543. 



and Puccinia suaveolens, ii. 525. 



&c., scent, ii. 202. 



shade and growth, ii. 506. 



Cirsium Erisithales and C. palustre, hybrids, 

 ii. 559. 



Cirsium heterophyllum and 0. canum, two- 

 coloured leaves, habitat, i. 293. 



and C, oleraceum, hybrid between, ii. 



459, 



and C. spinosissimum, hybrid from, ii. 



459, 



Cirsium Linkianum, ii. 560. 



Cirsium nemorale, i. 436. 



deciduous plumes, ii. 860. 



pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



Cirsium ochroleucum, hybrid, ii. 560. 



Cirsium oleraceum and C. heterophyllum, 

 hybrids, ii. 559. 



Cirsium Pannonicum and O. Erisithales, hy- 

 brids, ii. 559. 



Cirsium purpureum, vegetative propagation, 

 ii. 458. 



Cirsium spinosissimum, i. 450. 



coloxxred bracts, ii. 183. 



Cirsium tataricum, hybrid of C. canum x C. 

 oleraceum, ii. 586. 



Cissus, anthocyanin, i. 484. 



— host of Rafflesias, i. 200. 



— tendrils, i. 694, 697, 699. 



— plants, used as vegetable springs, i. 271. 

 Cissus Veitchii. See Vitis inconstaiis. 

 Cistus, Eestivation, ii. 210. 



— conducting tissue for pollen-tubes, ii. 410. 



— duration of flowers, ii. 214. 



— hah:s, i. 323. 



— hybrids, ii. 584. 



— nectarless, ii. 167. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 124. 



— shrubs, hosts of Cytiuus HypocistuB, i. 



204. 



— sticky forms, ii. 235. 



Cistus Clusii, &c., varnish-like coating, i. 312. 

 Cistus Creticus, opening and closing, ii. 212, 

 Cifltus laurifoliua, varnish-like coating, i. 312. 

 Citric acid, i, 463, 



in Nepenthes pitcher, i. 135. 



Citron, oil of, ii. 203. 



— of Florence. See Citrus medica. 



— scent, ii. 203. 



Citrus, buds on leaf-cuttingB, ii. 43. 



— - hybrids, ii. 569. 



— receptacle, i. 746. 

 Citrus medica, ii. 569. 



