INDEX. 



939 



Clack-valves, bordered pits compared to. i 



277. 

 Cladode, i. 332. 333, 353. 



— prickly, i. 434. 



Cladonia, fruticose lioheD, ii. 694. 



Cladouia coccif era, ii. 694. 



Oladonia furcata and Protococcua, 1. 245 



693. 

 Cladonia macilenta, ii. 694. 

 Cladonia pyxidata, ii. 694. 

 Cladonia rangiferiua, ii. 694. 

 Cladophora, continual cell-division, i. 581. 



— life-history, ii. 651. 



— reticular, i. 586. 



— wide distribution, ii. 651. 

 Cladophoracese, characteristic features ii 



651. 

 Cladrastis lutea, scent, ii. 201. 

 Olamp-cells, of Orchid roots, i. 220. 

 Clandestina, nectary, ii. 174. 



— pollen sprinkling, ii. 272. 

 Clandestina rectiflora, geitonogamy, ii. 331. 

 Clarkia, viscin of pollen-grains, ii. 101. 

 Clarkia pulchella, abortive stamens, ii. 294. 

 Clary, "Wild, Salvia Verbenaca, section of 



petiole, i. 22- 

 Classification and evolution of plants, ii. 607. 



— basis of, i. 6. 



— early methods, ii. 600. 



— of De Jussieu (1789) andDe Candolle (1813), 



i. 15; ii. 602,603. 



— of galls, ii. 528. 



— of plants, basis of Linnean System, ii. 86. 



— outline of, ii. 617. 



— principles of, i. 15. 

 Clathrocystis, habitat, ii. 621. 

 Clathrus, gleba, ii. 691. 

 Clathrus cancellatus, ii. 690. 

 Clatroptychium, i. 573. 

 Clavaria, spore-formation, ii, 20. 



— structure, i. 589. 



Clavaria aurea, i. 112; ii. 21. 685, 688. 

 Clavaria insequalis, ii. 688. 

 Clavarise, hymenium, ii. 688. 

 Claviceps, ii, 680. 



— asci and ascospores, ii. 19, 680. 



— spore-dispersal, ii. 827. 

 Claviceps purpurea, ii. 680. 



localized attack, i. 168. 



spore-dispersal, i. 461. 



Claw, of petal, ii. 87. 

 Clay, i. 83. 



Claytonia perfoliata, autogamy, ii. 365 

 Cleavage planes and stride, i. 568. 

 Cleistogamous flowers and habitat, ii. 394. 



characteristics, ii. 392. 



Cleistogamy, nature of, ii. 391. 

 Clematis, forced shoot, i. 564. 



— hane-hke, i. 670. 



— protogynous, ii. 311. 



— tendrils, i. 692, 694. 



Clematis Flammula, plumed achenes, ii. 858. 



pocket-galls on, ii. 532, 



Clematis integrifolia, autogamy, ii. 349. 



protection of pollen, ii. 118. 



Clematis recta, pocket-galls on, ii. 532. 



Clematis Vitalba, nectarless, ii, 167. 



protogynous, ii, 310. 



scent, ii. 200. 



Cleome ornithopodiodes, carnivorous in 

 minor degree, i. 156. 



sticky foliage, ii. 236. 



Clerodendron fistulosum, myrmecophiloua, 

 ii. 233. 



Clerodendron sanguineum, colour-contrast 

 in flower, ii, 191. 



Clianthus Dampieri, Australian, leaf, diur- 

 nal positions, i. 534. 



colour-contrast in flower, ii. 190. 



Clianthus puniceus, propsLgation by leaf- 

 cuttings, ii. 41. 



Climate and distribution, ii. 1, 879. 



— and opening and closing of anthers, ii. 124. 



— and protection of pollen from wet, ii. 106. 



— effect on fall of leaf, i. 355. 



m relation to hairiness, i. 319. 

 --negative in origin of species, ii. 594. 



Climatic conditions and flower-production, 

 ii. 474. 



great variability of. correlation of plant 



structure to, i. 284. 

 Climatology and plant development, i. 564. 

 Climbers, perennial, mechanicai tissue, i. 733. 

 Climbing aroids, ii. 744. 

 Climbing hooks of Hop, i. 688. 

 Climbing Palm. See Besmoncus. 

 Climbing Palms, ii. 741. 



height, &c., ii. 740. 



Climbing plants and lateral pressure, i. 475. 



formerly held to be parasites, i. 159. 



leaf arrangement, i. 420. 



Climbing stem, application of term. i. 671. 



characteristics, i. 700. 



Climbing stems, transitional condition, i. 708. 

 Chnging fruits, ii. 867. 



Clinging roots, mechanical adaptation, i. 762. 

 Clinopodium vulgare, distribution of sexes, 



ii. 300. 

 Clip-mechanism, of Aaclepiad poUinla, ii. 



258. 

 Ohvia, ii. 734. 

 Olivia nobilis, vitality of spermatoplasm, ii 



96. 

 Clock, floral, of Linneeus, ii. 215. 

 Closterium, i. 139 ; ii. 55. 



— movement, ii. 654. 



— swarming granules in, i. 35, 139. 

 Closterium Lunula, i. 35 ; ii. 492, 655, 

 Cloudberry. See JRubus Chamcemorvs. 

 Clover. See Trifolium. 

 Clover-Dodder. See Cuscuta Tri/olii. 

 Cloves, oil of, ii. 200. 



— origin of, ii. 782. 

 Clove-scent, ii. 201, 



Club-moss, Alpine. See Lycopodium al- 



pinum. 

 Club-mosses, description, ii. 713. 

 Club-tops. See Clavarice. 

 Clusia alba, lattice formation, i. 680. 



root-hairs and earth particles, i. 87. 



Clusia rosea, recently considered a vampire, 



i. 159. 

 Clusiaceae, lattice formation, i. 678, 681. 



— roots, i. 756, 761. 



Clusius, a Belgian, first travelling botanist, 

 i. 5. 



— Historic Plantarum, ii. 1. 



— system of classification, ii. 601. 

 Cluster-gaU, ii. 542, 545. 



Clypeola Messanensis, autogamy, ii. 339. 



Coat, of ovule, i. 644. 



Cobeea. pollen deposition, ii. 278. 



Cobiea scandens, autogamy, ii. 384. 



cross-fertilization, ii. 304. 



flower, ii. 240. 



flower and autogamy, ii. 385. 



pollen-grains, ii. 98, ZOO, 102, 127. 



tendril, i. 697. 



Cobalt, in dust, i, 81, 



Cocain, i. 462. 



Coccocarpia molybdsea, ii. 693. 



structure, i. 245. 



Ooccolobaplatyclada, Solomon Islands, i. 334. 



Cocconema Cistula, ii. 626. 



Cochlearia Armoracia, heterogamy advan- 

 tageous, ii. 578. 



Cochlearia fenestraUs, Siberia, cold resist- 

 ance, i. 543. 



Cochlearia Greenlandica, autogamy, ii. 339. 



Cochlearia oflicinalis, cold resistance, i. 543. 



Cock's-foot Grass. See Daciylis. 



Cock's-tail Alga. See Spirophyton. 



Cocoa-nut, Double, ii. 740. 



Cocoa-nut Palm. See Cocos nuci/era. 



Cocos nucif era, dimensions, i. 712; ii. 451. 



Codiacese, characteristics of thallus in, ii. 645. 



Codium, colonies, i. 585. 



Codium tomentosum, British, ii. 646. 



CoBlanthe, autogamy in, ii, 372. 



Ccelehogyneilicifolia, parthenogenesis, ii. 466. 



Coelenterates and Pleurococcacese, ii. 637. 



Coeloblasteje, ii. 606. 



Cceloglossum and Orchis, hybridization, ii. 

 583. 



Coelogyne plantaginea, ovarian hairs, ii. 81. 



ovary, ii. 83. 



Ccenobe, of Volvox, ii. 635. 



Ooffea, embryo, cotyledons, i. 600. 



Cohesion, i. 58. 



Cohn, classification of ThaUophytea, ii. 606. 



Cohort, of Braun, ii. 605. 



— subdivision of class, ii. 617. 

 ColchicacesB, characteristics, ii. 730. 

 Colchicum, autogamy, ii. 372. 



— eitrorse anthers, ii. 95. 



— opening and closing, ii. 220. 



— protection of pollen from rain, ii. 112. 



— protogynous, ii. 311. 



— styles, i. 645. 

 Colchicum autumuale, ii. 729- 



autogamy and heterostylism, ii. 374. 



depth of corms, i. 552. 



flower-opening constant, i. 559. 



nectaries, ii. 175. 



odourless, i. 431. 



opening of flowers and growth, ii. 220. 



pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



starch, i. 459. 



Gold, effect on various plants, i. 543. 

 Coleochzete, cilia of, i. 29. 



— life-history, ii. 653. 



— relationship to Floridese, ii. 654. 

 Coleochajtese, ii. 606. 



— as Lichen-algte, ii. 693. 

 Coleosporium senecionis, hetercecism, ii. 686. 

 Coleus, and cold, i. 545. 



Collective and aggregate fruits, ii. 437. 

 CoUective fruit, ii. 436. 438. 

 CoUema, distribution of alga in, ii. 694. 

 Collema pulposum, ii. 694. 



— — a gelatinous Lichen, surface view and 



section, i. 244. 

 CollemaceEe, nutrition, i, 81. 

 Collencbyma, in perennial twioing stems, i. 

 733. 



— nature and properties, i. 231, 726. 

 CoUetia, leaves and phylloclades, i. 334, 335. 



434. 

 Collinsonia Canadensis, autogamy, ii. 350. 

 Collomia, seed-cement, i. 615. 



— seed-dispersal, ii. 838. 



Colocaaia, arrangement of foHage-leaves, i 



93. 

 Colocasia antiquorum, inflorescence, &c., ii, 



742. 

 Colonies of plants, isolated, examples, i. 528. 

 Colony, apphcation of term, i. 58.5. 

 Colour and elevation, ii. 511. 



— of hybrids, ii. 566. 



— of water, i. 388. 



Colour-contrast in flowers, ii. 184, 189, 190, 



191. 193. 

 Coloured fruits and seeds, ii. 865. 

 Columella, in Anthocerotaceie, ii. 698. 



— of Moss-capsule, ii. 702. 



— of Splachnum, ii. 703. 



Column, marble, near Castle of Ambras, 



Lichens on, i. 247. 

 Column of Epipogiura aphyllum, ii. 226. 



— of Orchid as insect platform, ii. 225. 



— of Orchid ovary, ii. 253. 



— of Phalaenopsis Schilleriana, ii. 227. 

 Columuiferae, of Braun, ii. 605. 



Colutea arborescens, isolated colonies, i. 



528. 

 Comarum palustre, colour of sepals, ii. 183. 



creeping stem, i. 662. 



Combined girders, of stems, i. 728. 

 Comfrey. See Symphytum. 

 Comma-bacillus, of cholera, i. 163. 

 Commelyna coelestis, autogamy, ii, 357. 

 Commelynacege, calcium oxalate crystals, i, 



570. 



— cotyledon in germination, i. 606. 

 Compass plants, i. 337. 



Complexity and higher develoijment, ii. 598. 

 CompositEe, ii. 599, 765. 



— absorbent leaf-teeth, i. 238. 



— aestivation in, ii. 210. 



— as insect shelters, ii. 163. 



— autogamy in, u. 359, 363, 372. 



