INDEX. 



947 



Buphorbiacepe, phyllooladouB, i. 334. 



— spines, i. 446. 



— staminal filaments, ii. 88. 



— stinging hairs, i. 441. 



Euphrasia, abundance in mountataous dis- 

 ti-icts, i. 178. 



— geographical distribution, i. 176. 



— injury to pastures, i. 179. 



— parasitic, i. 176, 243. 



— protection of pollen from wet, ii 110. 



— variability of floral colour, ii. 569. 



— venation, i. 631. 



Euphrasia minima, autogamy, U. 253, 351. 

 Euphrasia officinalis, sheltering of pollen, ii. 



109. 

 Euphrasia RostkoTiana, &o. , corolla and auu^- 



gamy, ii. 366. 

 Euriops, pericarp mucilage, i 615. 

 European lianes, i 670. 

 Eurotium, i. 263, 677. 



— fermentative action, i. 508. 



— mycelium and reproductive organs, ii. 679- 

 Euryangium Sumbul, geographical distribu- 

 tion, flowering, i. 745. 



mechanical tissue arrangement, i. 730. 



musk-scented leaves, ii. 199. 



Evaporation, in plants, general considera- 

 tions, i. 226. 



Evax, hairiness, i. 317. 



Evergreen leaves, preparation for resting 

 period, i. 485. 



Evergieens, cuticle usually thick, i. 310. 



Evolution, discussion on, ii. 609. 



— of plants and classification, ii. 607. 

 Es-albuminous, applied to seed, ii. 421, 

 Excoriation of capitate cells during imbibi- 

 tion of water, i. 229. 



Excretion, by discoid glands, of Alpine Rose, 

 i. 232. 



— from water-absorbing apparatus of Aspen, 



i. 238. 

 Excretions, viscous, of caryophyllaceous 



plants, i. 461. 

 Exidia, appearance, i. 112. 

 Existence, struggle for, ii. 600. 

 Exoascacese, description, ii. 676. 

 ExoasGua Alni-incanie, gaDs, ii. 523. 

 Exoascus amentorum. See E. Alni-incance. 

 Exoascus Carpini and Witches' Brooms of 



Hornbeam, ii. 527, 676. 

 Exoascus Gerasi, and Prunus, ii. 527. 

 Exoascus deformans, and "curl" disease, ii. 



524, 676. 

 Exoascus epiphyllus, and Alnus incana, ii. 



527. 

 Exoascus insititisB on Prunus insititia, ii. 527. 

 Exoascus Pruni, and pocket-plum, ii. 524, 676. 

 Exoascus turgidus, and Eetula verrucosa, Ii. 



527. 

 Exobasidese, hosts, ii. 688. 



— hymenium, ii. 688. 

 Eiobasidium, gall-formation, ii. 519. 

 Exobasidium Lauri, ii. 521, 688. 

 Exobasidium Rhododendri, ii. 688. 



gall-formation, ii. 5:20. 



Exobasidium Vaccinii, ii. 526, 688. 

 Bxocarpufl, switch-plant, i. 330. 

 Exogamy, nature of, ii. 647. 

 Exogenae. of De Candolle, ii. 603. 

 Exosmosis. See Osmosis. 



Exostemma loogiflorxmo, flowers after pol- 

 lination, ii. 222. 

 Exothecium, of anther, ii. 94. 

 Experiments, cultural, difficulties of, ii. 613. 



— questions addressed to nature, i. 18. 

 Explosive apparatus for pollen dispersal, ii. 



260, 264, 265, 266, 267, 269. 

 Exposure, and opening of flowers, ii. 219. 

 Expulsive-fruits, range of, ii. 839. 

 Extinction, incomplete, ii. 902. 

 Extine, of pollen-grain, ii. 100. 

 Extrorse, of anthers, ii. 95. 

 Eyebright. See Euphrasia. 

 Eye-spot, of Chlamydomonas, function, ii. 



629. 



— of spermatozoid, ii. 52. 

 Eye-spots, of Volvoi, iL 635 



"Eyes", leaf characteristics of shoots from, 



ii. 516. 

 — of potato, i. 651. 



Fading of corolla and pollination, ii. 286. 

 Fagus, i. 263; ii. 761. 



— and galls of Hormomyia fagi, ii. 537. 



— and Witches' Broom, ii. 527. 



— ash of leaves from different localities, i. 



69. 



— avoided by Mistletoe, i. 205. 



— bud-scales, i. 626. 



— cupiUe, ii. 434. 



' effect of grazing animals, i. 445. 



— fertilization porogamic, ii. 413. 



— host of Pilacre, ii. 687. 



— hybrids of, ii. 583. 



— mite-galls, ii. 529. 



— phyllotaxis, i. 399. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 99, 102. 



— pollination, ii. 133, 135. 



— protogynouB, ii. 313. 



— root-tip with mycelial mantle, i. 260. 

 Fagus sylvatica, cotyledons, i. 621. 

 deciduous hairs, i. 354. 



dimensions, i. 722. 



fohage constant, i. 559. 



leaf-unfolding, i. 353. 



liberation of cotyledons, i. 613. 



normal and sucker leaves, ii, 515. 



vernation, i. 350. 



vertical range, i. 527. 



Fairy rings, ii. 792. ^ 



Falcaria ravini, periodically pendulous 



umbels, i. 530. 

 PaU of leaf, i. 347. 

 Falling Stars. See Nostoc. 

 False Indigo. See Amorpha. 

 Famihes, mutual relationships, ii. 605. 



— of flowering plants, number, ii. 604. 

 Family, subdivision of alliance, ii. 617. 

 Fan-palms, spines, i. 433; ii. 740. 

 Fasciation, due to gall-mites, ii. 549. 

 Fascicle, i. 738. 



Fascicled roots, i. 751. 

 Fat, in endosperm, ii. 421. 



— transformation, i. 601. 

 Father-plant, in hybridization, ii. 557. 

 Fats, i. 216. 



— vegetable, functions and composition, 



i. 462. 

 Fatty acids, nature of, i. 463. 

 Favus, medical name for ringworm, L 



169. 

 Feather-foil. See Sottonia. 

 Feather-grass. See Stipa capillata. 

 Feather-leaved Palms, ii. 740. 

 Fegatella, receptacles, ii. 697. 

 "Fel de terra", i.e. earth-gaU, native 



name of Lophophytum mtrabile tubers, 



i. 196. 

 Felspar, i. 80, 83. 



— attacked by lichens, i. 257. 

 Felt, of hairs, i. 324. 



— type of community, ii. 889, 894. 

 Felt>gaUs, ii. 528, 529. 

 Felt-hairs, and animals, i. 442. 



Felt-hke mycelial mantle on Phanerogam 



roots, i. 249. 

 FenneL Bee JFosniculum. 

 Fenugreek, See Trigonella /osnuTrtrijrfecum. 

 Ferment action, hypothesis, i. 509. 

 of Bacteria, i. 162. 



— of Pinguicula, action on milk, i. 142, 143. 



— secreted by Drosera glands, 1. 144. 

 Fermentation, alcohohc, i. 506. 



— and enzymes, i. 464, 



— and Moulds, i. 507. 



— and respiration, mutual reolacement, i. 



509. 



— and Saccharomyces, ii. 684. 



— by Bacteria, i. 623. 



— nature of, i. 505 ; ii. 619. 

 Ferment-fungi, i. 505. 



Ferments, nature, function, &c., i. 464. 

 Fern, life-cycle, ii. 476. 



— life-history, ii. 708. 



— young sporophyte, ii. 472. 

 Fern-leaves, membranous scales, i. 355. 

 Fem-prothaUium, i. 88, 384; ii. 67, 472, 708. 

 Ferns, ii. 61. 



— alternation of generations, u. 472. 



— amphigonlum, ii. 67. 



— antheridia, ii. 67. 



— apical cell, i. 579. 



— as saprophytes, i. 100. 



— buds on fronds, ii. 39. 



— certain, which roll up their leaves, i. 314. 



— climate and distribution, ii. 457. 



— effect of strong hght, i. 391. 



— fertilization, ii. 71, 475. 



— fossil, i. 636. 



— fronds and light, i. 413 



— fruit, ii. 7. 



— habitats, ii. 705. 



— hybrids among, ii. 582. 



— not eaten by animals, i. 432. 



— on ground of woods, i. 109. 



— on trees, i. 106. 



— Pala30zoic, ii. 612. 



— propagation by offshoots, ii. 458. 

 historical review, ii. 8. 



— rarely attacked by parasitic fungi, i. 168. 



— rolling of young fronds, i. 348. 



— saprophytic, on steep rocks, i. 108. 



— scent, ii. 615. 



— son, ii. 11. 



— spore formation, ii. 10. 



— sporophyte, ii. 704. 



— stem, varieties of, ii. 476. 



— two generations distinct, ii. 474. 



— various, ii. 707. 



— wax on fronds, i. 292. 

 Perraria, equitant leaves, i. 336. 

 Fertihzation, ii. 415. 



— and mucilage in Ferns, ii. 68. 



— and order of blossoming, i. 739. 



— and origin of species, ii. 594. 



— and pendulous flowers, i. 530. 



— changes initiated by, ii. 422. 



— conditions In Phanerogams, ii. 72. 



— essence of process, ii. 46. 



— essential difference between Cryptogams 



and Phanerogams, ii. 418. 



— in Ferns, ii. 475. 



— in FlorideEe, ii. 60. 



— in Helianthemum marifolium, ii. 411. 



— in Marsilia, Salvinia, and Selaginella, ii 



69. 



— in Moulds, doubted, ii. 677. 



— in MuscineiE, ii. 65. 



— in Peronosporeae, ii. 669. 



— in Phanerogamia, ii. 717. 



— of inclosed ooplast, ii. 54. 



— of Orchids, by Darwin, ii. 738. 



— resemblance in Muscinese and Characese, 



ii. 66. 



— twelve typical processes, ii. 48. 



— unsolved problems, ii. 415. 

 Fertilizing- tube of Peronosporeas, ii. 56. 



of Saprolegniacese, ii. 484. 



Ferula, flowering, i. 745. 



Ferulago, geitonogamy, ii. 325. 

 Fescue-grasses. See Festuca. 

 Pestuca, ii. 746. 



— and Lolium, hybridization, Ii. 583. 



— leaf-closing, i. 340. 



— pollination, ii. 142. 



— stomata, i. 340. 



— vascular bundles of leaf, i. 343. 

 Festuca alpestris and cattle, i. 436. 



leaf, section, i. 342. 



Festuca alpina, bulbils, ii. 454. 

 Pestuca arundinacea, barbs, i. 439. 

 Festuca nigrescens, anthocyanin in glumes, 



i. 522. 

 Festuca Porcii, leaf, section, i. 343. 

 Festuca punctoria, leaf, section, i. 346. 

 stomata on upper leaf-surface, localiza- 

 tion of wax, i. 292. 

 Festuca rupicaprina, bulbils, iL 454. 



