INDEX. 



959 



Lichens, dissemination of spores, i, 246. 



— epiphytic i. 77. 



formerly treated as pai-asites, i. 159. 



— etching of marble pillar by, i. 257. 



— families of, ii. 693. 



— Foliaceous, babit of, i. 244. 



— force of byphal threads, 1. 513. 



— forming rings, ii. 793. 



— Fruticose, characteristics of, i. 245. 



— gelatinous, i. 244; ii. 694. 



— hyphsQ and AtgEe, ii. 693. 



— on Loranthus, i. 212. 



— part played by constituent members, 



sensitiveness to environment, &o., L 247. 



— soredia, ii. 24. 

 dispei-sal, ii. 816. 



— substratum, ii. 498. 



— symbiotic nature, i. 244; ii. 682. 

 Life, cycle of, i. 264. 



— discussion of origin, ii. 597. 



— ever-interesting question of, i. 21. 

 Life-history of a Fem, ii. 476, 708. 



Light, afEects geographical distribution, i, 

 394. 



— and anthocyanin, ii. 510. 



— and form of leaves, i. 430. 



— and direction of branching, i. 414. 



— and habit of plants, ii. 504. 



— and opening of flowers, ii. 219. 



— and position of leaves, i. 409. 



— and retardation of growth, ii. 407. 



— and sexual organs of Vaucheria, ii. 644. 



— avoiding tendrils, i. 699. 



— bright, effect on chlorophyll, ii. 511. 



— effect of varying intensity, i. 381. 



— influence on formation of zoospores and 



gametes, ii. 632. 



— transformation into heat, i. 519. 

 Light-waves, length, i. 571. 

 Lignification, of hairs, i. 441. 



— use of, i. 474. 

 Liguin, formation, i. 458. 



Ligulate florets and nocturnal radiation, i. 

 530. 



of Compositse, ii. 114. 



Ligule, function inarundinaceous plants, i. 98. 



— of Grasses, i. 427; ii. 746. 



— of Isoetes, ii. 716, 717. 



— of Selaginella, ii. 715. 



Ligustrum vulgare, dates of flowering, i. 519. 



Witches' Broom galls, ti. 548. 



Lilac. See Syringa vulgaris. 



Lilac scent, ii. 201. 



Liliacese, dehiscence of pollen-sacs, IL 93. 



— geitonogamy in, ii. 325. 



— general characters, ii. 730. 



— incompletely protogynous genera, iL 311. 



— polyembryony in, ii. 468. 

 LUifloreaa, hybrids among, ii. 583. 



— various, ii. 729. 



Lilioidese, distinctive characters, ii. 731. 

 LLhum, pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



— propagation, ii. 556. 



Lihum album, bulb scales, i. 624. 



croM-fertilization, ii. 301. 



duration of flowering, ii. 213. 



Lilium auratum, size of flowers, ii. 185. 

 Lilium bulhiferum, bulbils, ii. 461. 



cross-fertilization, ii. 301. 



heterogamy advantageous, ii. 578. 



unfruitful artificial autogamy, ii. 406. 



Lilium candidum, dates of flowering, i. 519. 



flower-opening constant, i. 559. 



protection of pollen, ii. 119. 



Lilium Carniolicum, nectaries, ii. 176. 

 Lilium Chalcedonicum, nectaries, ii. 176. 

 Lilium croceum, absence of vegetative pro- 

 pagation, ii. 461. 

 Lilium Martagon, bulb scales, i. 624. 



course of pollen-tubes, ii. 408. 



downward pull of roots, i. 767. 



leaf-movements, i. 339. 



nectaries, ii. 176. 



~ protogynous, ii. 311. 



seed dispersal, ii. 447. 



stigma and germinating pollen-grain b, 



ii. 409. 



Lilium Martagon, storaata, i. 339. 



Lilium tigrinum, stamen of green flower, ii. 

 86. 



Lily-of-the-valley. See Convallaria majalis. 



Lime. See Tilia. 



Lime, accumulation by snails and hydro- 

 phytes, solution and reprecipitation, i. 

 260. 



— amount formed by Potamogeton lucens, 



admixed mineral substances, i. 261. 

 Lime, bicarbonate, excretion by water- 

 absorbing organs, conversion into mono- 

 carbonate, i. 234. 



— importance of, in nutrition, i. 67. 



Lime incrustation, and preservation of fossil 

 plants, ii. 612. 



in Ohara, ii. 660. 



in Codiacete, ii. 645. 



of Hydrophytes, i. 61. 



restrictive of transpiration, i. 313. 



— oxalate of, i. 42. 



— protective incrustation over absorptiou- 



cells in Saxifraga Aizoon, &c., i. 234. 



— protective incmstations on leaves, i. 235. 

 Limestone, corrosion by plants, i. 258. 



— humus on, ii. 499. 



— limits of vegetation, vertical, i. 527. 

 Limnanthemum, babit, i. 666. 



~ protective Isolation by water, ii. 234. 

 Limnobimn molle, habitat, as mud-coUector, 



i. 267. 

 Limosellaaquatica,sub-aqueousfertilization, 



ii. 391. 

 Linaria, sestivation, ii. 211. 



— and mode of entrance of insects, ii. 210. 



— axillary buds, ii. 29. 



— cleistogamy, ii. 393. 



— honey concealment, ii. 180. 



— insect platform, ii. 228. 



— resiUts of various crossings, ii. 560. 



— sheltering of pollen, ii. 110. 



— storing of honey, ii. 172. 



— variability of floral colour, ii. 569. 

 Linaria alpina, flower, ii. 180. 



Linaria cymbalaria, fading of flowers, i. 743. 



flowering and seeding, i. 53. 



Linaria genistifolia, ii. 560. 



Linaria littoralis and L. minor, behaviour to 



own and foreign pollen, ii. 407. 

 Linaria Macedonica, capsule in dry and wet 



weather, ii. 448- 

 Linaria pallida, radical buds, ii. 28. 

 Linaria striata and Linaria vulgaris, estab- 



hshed hybrid of, ii. 591. 

 Linaria stricta, established hybrid, ii. 591. 

 Linaria vulgaris, and animals, i. 432. 



buds on hypocotyl, ii. 28. 



radical buds, ii. 28. 



Lindley, ii. 663. 



Lindsaya, protection of sporangia, ii. 13. 



Ling. See Calluna vulgaris. 



Linnaea borealis, cross-fertilization in, ii. 301. 



flower, ii. 236. 



scent, ii. 201. 



sticky bracts, ii. 870. 



Linnaeus and hermaphrodite flowers, ii. 300. 



— definition of a species, ii. 486. 



— floral clock, ii. 215. 



— on varieties, in Philosophia Botanica, ii. 



514. 



— (1707-1778), revolutionizes the study of 



botany, i. 5. 



— system of classification, i. 6; ii. 601, 

 Linnean system and Goethe, ii. 287. 



classes 11, 12, 17, 21, ii. 293. 



classes 13, 14, 15, 16, IS, 20, ii. 293. 



^[ first ten class, ii. 289. 



table of classes, ii. 288. 



Linum, heterostyhsm, ii. 399. 



— seed cement, i. 615. 



Linum catharticum, opening and closing, ii. 



220. 

 Linum grandiflonmi, withering of corolla 



and pollination, ii. 286. 

 Linum perenne, opening of flower, ii. 212. 

 Linum tenuifolium, recurrent opening, ii. 



213. 



Linum usitatissimum, cluster-galls on, ii. 547. 



non-adaptability, i. 393. 



Linum viscosum, duration of flowering, ii. 

 213. 



guides to honey, ii. 249. 



Liquidambar, pistillate flower, monoecia, ii. 

 293. 



— Btaminate flower, monoecia, ii. 293. 

 Liquorice. See Ghjcyrrhiza. 

 Liriodendron, fossil, i. 636. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 124. 

 Liriodendron tulipifera, leaf - unfolding, t 



352. 



pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



protective stipules, i. 626. 



stipules, i. 351. 



Listera, insect-visitors, ii. 256. 



— labellum, ii. 254, 



Listera ovata, allurement of insects, ii. 206. 

 Lithium in plants, i. 68. 

 Lithophytes, i. 267. 



— absorption of carbonic acid, i. 367. 



— dust-catchers, i. 82. 



— heat resistance, i. 554. 



— rapid water sun-ender, i. 555. 



— source of food salts, i. 79. 



— what include, i. 56. 



— whence obtain ammonia, i. 65. 



— whence obtain carbonic acid, i. 61. 

 Lithospermum, protogynous, ii. 311. 

 Lithospermum arvense, autogamy, ii. 332. 



protogynous, ii. 310. 



Lithospermum purpureo-cceruleum, stolons, 



i. 663. 

 Litbotbamneee, lime deposition and resis- 

 tance, i. 425. 

 Lithothamnia, as marine lime-accumulators, 



i. 261. 

 Littorella lacustria, offshoots, ii. 456. 



resemblance to Isoetes lacustris, ii. 717. 



Liverworts. See Sepaticce. 



Livia Juncorum, galls on Juncus, ii. 547. 



Lizard Orchis. See Orchis hircina. 



Loasaceae, stinging hairs, i. 441. 



Lobeha Dortmanni, resemblance to Isoetes 



lacustris, ii. 717. 

 Lobelia splendeos, scarlet flower, U. 196. 

 Lobeliacese, ii. 767. 



Lobularia nummularia, autogamy, ii. 339. 

 Lobularia nummulariaefolia, flowers and 



young fruits, ii. 184. 

 Locust-bean, fruit of Ceratonia Siliqua, ii. 



535. 

 Lodicule, of Graminese, ii. 746. 

 Lodoicea Sechellanim, fruit, ii. 452, 740. 

 Loew, E., Bltitenbiologische Floristik, ii. 



399. 

 Loganiacese, ii, 771. 

 Loiseleuria, geographical distribution, i. 302. 



— rolled leaves, i. 302. 



Loiseleuria. See also Azalea procunibens. 

 Lonicera and Hawk-moths, ii. 207. 



— and insect visits, ii. 223. 



— cyme, i. 738. 



— nectaries, ii. 177, 178. 



— opening of flower, ii. 212. 



— pollen-grain, ii. 100. 



— twining stem, i. 681. 



— twisting of internodes, i. 417. 

 Lonicera alpigena, flower-opening constant, 



i. 559. 



nectary, ii. 178. 



pollen deposition, ii. 278. 



Lonicera caprifolium, dextrorse twining, i. 



685. 



nocturnal perfume, ii. 208. 



opening of flower, ii. 211. 



scent, ii. 201. 



scent and Sphinx Convolvuli, ii. 208. 



twining, i. 689. 



Lonicera ciliosa, example of non-parasitic 



creeper, i. 160. 

 Lonicera coerulea, cyme, i. 746. 



reserve-buds, ii. 32. 



Lonicera Etrusca, flower, ii. 227- 



nocturnal perfume, ii. 208. 



Lonicera fragrantissima, reserve-buds, ii. 32 



