INDEX. 



965 



Orchids, depth of tuberous roots, i. 552. 



— embx-yo detachment, ii. 450. 



— epiphytic, i. 77. 



protective function of water-absorbing 



layers in droughty i. 223. 



roots, clamp-cells, i. 220. 



double function of, i. 220. 



— expulsive apparatus for pollen-transfer, ii. 



269. 



— flour-like coating on lip, ii. 169. 



— good and bad flowering years, ii. 472. 



— great variety, ii. 738. 



— hybrid flower colour, ii. 567. 



— labellum, ii. 253. 



— leaf -bud, emergence from soil, i. CIO. 



— light seeds, ii. 851. 



— mode of adhering to bark, i. 107. 



— nectaries, ii. 176. 



— opening of flowers, ii. 213. 



— origin of nucellus, ii. 84. 



— pollen retention, ii. 283. 



— pollen-sacs, ii. 90. 



— roots, adventitious, i. 751. 

 aerial, i, 753. 



origin, i. 771. 



— saprophytic, on steep rocks, i. 108. 



— structure of flower, ii. 253, 736. 



— sugar crystals, ii. 172. 



— terrestrial, downward pull of roots, i 767. 

 roots, i. 760. 



— tropical, chlorophyll in roots, i. 375. 



epiphytic, thick cuticle, i. 309. 



nature of scents, ii. 199. 



— twisting of ovary, ii. 224. 



— venation, i. 634. 



— whose stomata lie in hollow tubercles, i. 



300. 



— withering of perianth and pollination, ii. 



286. 

 Orchis, pollen deposition and retention, ii. 

 284. 



— spur of labellum, ii. 255. 



— variability of floral colour, ii. 569. 

 Oi-chis hircina, scent, ii. 202. 

 Orchis mascula, alluring spur, ii. 171. 

 Orchis pal lens, scent, ii. 202. 



Orders, of flowering plants, number of, ii. 



604. 

 Organic acids, function, i. 463. 



— compounds, multiplicity of, i. 455. 



primary, formation of, i. 455. 



sources of, in water, i. 100. 



— material, synthesis of, i. 378. 



— matter, absorption of, i. 99. 



small amount required by most sapro- 

 phytes, i. 117. 



— remains found in water-receptacles, i. 242. 



— substances in clear springs, i. 101. 

 Organization, complexity, and higher de- 

 velopment, ii. 598. 



Organs, change of function, i. 450. 



— elementary early ideas of, i. 14. 



— for removal of substances, i. 471- 



— reduced, question of utility, i. 747. 



— reproductive, protection from loss of 



heat, i. 529. 



— similarity of function and similarity of 



structure, ii. 615. 

 Origanum, distribution of sexes, ii. 298. 

 Orlaya, peripheral flowers, ii. 186. 

 Orlaya grandiflora, hooked fruit, ii. 873. 



inflorescence, ii. 184. 



Omithogalum, colour of flower, ii. 183. 



— epiphyllous buds, ii. ^, 



— nectaries, ii. 175. 



— rolled leaves, i. 348. 



— stomata, position of, i. 348. 

 Omithogalum nutans, ovary and fertiliza^ 



tion, ii. 415. 



staminal stipules, ii. 89. 



Omithogalum umbellatum, leaf-bud, emer- 

 gence from soil, i. 640. 



protection of poUen, ii. 113. 



protogynous, ii. 311. 



OrobanchaceEe, ii. 771. 



— embryo, &c., i. 184. 



— establishment on host, i. 184. 



Orobancbacene, features used for classifica- 

 tion, i. 186. 



— general resemblance to Orchideie, i. 184. 



— geographical distribution, &c., i. 186. 



— germination, i. 750. 



— poUen-sprinkUng apparatus in, ii. 271. 

 Orobanche, embryo, i. 596. 



— former view regarding, i. 185. 

 Orobanche caryophyllacea, &o., scent, ii. 201. 

 Orobanche Epithymum, germination, i. 173. 

 Orobus, keel movements and pollen brush, 



ii. 252. 

 Orobus PannonicuB, roots, i. 760. 

 Orobus venetus, floral change of colour, ii. 



191. 

 Orobus vernus, elevation and coloration, ii. 

 511. 



seed dispersal, ii. 835. 



Orpine. See Sedum Telephium, 

 Orthostichies, of leaves, i. 397. 



— relation to divergence, i. 403. 

 Orthotrichum, hybrids, ii. 583. 

 Orthotrichum faUax, mode of adhering to 



bark, i. 106. 

 Orthotropous ovule, i. 644. 

 Oryza clandestina, venation, i. 633. 

 Oscillaria, movement of, i. 39. 

 OsciUaria tenuis, verdigris-coloured films, i. 



105. 

 Osclllarias and heat, i. 554. 

 Oscillatoriese, circular movements, i. 684. 

 Osier Willow. See Salicc viminalis. 

 Osmia, pollen brush, ii. 168. 

 Osmosis, nature of, i. 59. 

 Osmunda regahs, frond, ii. 476. 



sporangia, ii. 12. 



OsmuudaceEe, characteristics, ii. 709. 

 Ostracoda, resemblance of 0tricularia 



bladders to, i. 122. 

 Ostrya, cupule, ii. 435. 



— mode of fertilization unknown, ii. 413. 



— venation, i. 631. 



— vernation, i. 350. 



Ostrya carpinifolia, isolated colonies, i. 528. 



wind-dispersal, ii. 848. 



Ousting of plants by other plants, i. 268. 

 OutUne of classification, ii. 617. 

 Ouvirandra fenestralis, Madagascar, ii. 738. 

 Ovaries, classification, ii. 75 et seq. 

 Ovaries, Phanerogamic, ii. 73. 

 Ovary and antholysis, ii. 79. 



— discussion of structure, ii. 78 et seq. 



— inferior, nature of, ii. 79. 



— in Orchidaceas, ii. 253. 



— nature and modifications, i. 642. 



— of Colocasia antiquomm, ii. 742. 

 Over-transpiration, prevention of in Grasses, 



i. 344. 

 Ovule, a macrosporangium, ii. 478. 



— chalazogamic fertilization in Carpinus, 



ii. 412. 



— homology, ii. 717. 



— morphological considerations, i, 643. 



— morphological value, ii. 84. 



— of Gymnosperms, ii. 418. 



— parts of, i. 644. 



— sorts of, i. 644. 



— structure, ii. 80, 416. 



— transformation into tuber or bud, ii. 469. 

 Ovules, ii. 83. 



— and nocturnal radiation, i. 529. 



— arrangement on carpels, i. 644. 



— attraction for pollen-tubes, ii. 414. 



— of Cycads, ii. 720. 



OvuliferouB scale, of Abietinese, iL 721. 



of Pinufl sylvestris and other Conifers, 



ii. 441. 



— shoot of Taxus, ii. 442. 

 Oxalate of Ume, formation, i. 458. 



Oxalic acid, combination with calcium, i. 67. 



fxmction, i. 458, 463. 



Oxalidacese, cleistogamy in, ii. 393. 

 Oxalis, EBstivation, ii. 210. 



— capsule, ii. 431. 



— drooping of flowers, artificially induced, 



ii. 122. 



— heterostylism, ii. 399. 



Oxalis, opening of flower, ii. 212. 



— protection of pollen, ii, 127. 



Oxalis acetosella, leaf, diurnal positions, I 

 534. 



leaf movements, i. 339. 



seed and embryo, ii. 422. 



seed-dispersal, ii. 834. 



unfolding leaves, i. 349. 



Oxalis lasiandra, duration of flowering, ii. 



213. 

 Oxalis rosea, movements of cotyledons, i. 



532. 

 Oxalis sensitiva, leaf, diurnal positions, i. 

 534. 



movements of cotyledons, i. 532. 



sensitiveness, i. 535 et seq. 



Oxalis stricta, weather and autogamy, ii. 391. 

 Oxalis Valdiviana, movements of cotyledons, 



i. 532. 

 Ox-eye Daisy. See Leucanthemum vulgare. 

 Oxidation, and blue rays, i. 390, 



— by Bacteria, ii. 623. 



Oxlip. See Primula tlatior, ii. 404. 

 Oxyanthus tubiflorus, depth of flower, ii. 



180. 

 Oxybaphus, seed, mucilage organs, i. 615. 

 Oxybaphus nyctagineus, pollen-grains, ii. 97. 

 Oxycoccaceae, ii. 770. 



Oxycoccus palustris, wax on leaves, i. 302, 

 Oxygen, and respiration, i, 293, 504. 



— elimination of, i. 60, 



— volume exhaled by plant, i. 455. 

 Oxythyrea funesta, and young capitula of 



Composites, ii. 243. 



Pachyma, sclerotia of Agaricineie, ii, 689. 

 Pachypappa vesicaUs and mantle-gaU on 



Abele, ii. 530. 

 Pachypleurum, geitonogamy, ii. 324. 

 Pachysandra, coloured stamen-filaments, ii. 



183. 



— pollen and pollination, i. 645. 



— scent, ii. 200. 



Padina Pavonia, structure, i. 590. 

 Psederota, nectary, ii. 175. 



— protogynous, ii. 311, 



Psederota Ageria, cross-fertilization, ii. 301. 



fertiUty, dependence on insects, ii. 402. 



pull of roots, i. 768. 



Paeonia, antbocyanin, i. 484. 



— protogynous, ii. 311. 



Pseonia pubens, vitality of spermatoplasm, 



ii. 96. 

 Palieo-botany importance of venation, i. 



635. 

 Palaeontology, bearing on evolution, ii. 610. 

 Palaaozoic vegetable remains, ii. 611. 

 Palea, of Graminete, ii, 746. 

 Palisade-cell3, i. 472. 



movements of chlorophyll-granules, i. 



381. 

 Palisade parenchyma, i. 139. 



— tissue, consumption of carbonic acid, i. 



368. 



of leaves, i. 279. 



varieties, i. 374. 



Pallavicinia, vascular system, ii. 699. 

 Palmacese, description, ii. 740. 

 Palmella, Alga of Emericella, ii. 695. 

 Palmella cruenta, blood-red patches, i. 105. 

 Palmellaceaa, ii. 605. 

 Palms, cUmbing. See Rotang. 



— fruit protection, ii. 445. 



— germination, i. 604. 



— leaves of, structure in relation to trans- 



piration, i. 288. 



— pollen -grains, ii. 99. 



— temperature within spathe, i. 501. 



— vitality of spermatoplasm, ii. 96, 

 Palmyra Palm. See Borassus Jiabelliformis. 

 Pandanace^, ii. 745. 



— weaving habit in, i, 677. 

 Pandanus, phyllotaxis, i. ^2. 



— roots, i. 756. 



