980 



INDEX. 



Tubercles, of Orchids, with internal stomata, 



double function, i. 300. 

 Tubercular galls, ii. 535. 

 Tuberculosis, bacterial origin, ii. 624. 

 Tubers, propagation of hybrids by, ii. 656. 



— replacing flowers and fruit, ii. 460. 



— resting, of desert perennials, i. 556. 

 Tabular floret of Compositse, ii. 115. 



Tufa, calcareous, formed by the action of 



Mossea, i. 260. 

 Tulip Tree. See Liriodendron tulipi/era. 

 Tulipa, artificially induced drooping, ii. 123. 



— dispersed by roots, ii. 832. 



— double flowers, ii. 80. 



— forcing, i. 564. 



— hybridization and flower colours, ii. 568. 



— insect platform, ii. 229. 



— leaves and rain conduction, i. 94. 



— opening and closing, ii. 220. 



— opening of flower, ii. 212. 



Tulipa Didieri, cross-fertilization, ii. 307. 

 Tulipa Gesneriaua, depth in soil and growth, 



ii. 507. 

 Tulipa sylvestris, autogamy, ii. 379. 



flower, part of, ii. 240. 



protection of pollen, ii. 120. 



scent, ii. 203. 



Tulostoma mammosum, ii. 690. 

 Tunbridge ware and Peziza seruginosa, IL 682. 

 Tundra, the. Lichens of, i. 218. 

 Turgenia, protogynous, ii. 311. 

 Turgenia latifolia, autogamy, ii. 342. 



flowers, sexual conditions, ii. 296. 



light and growth, ii. 508. 



Turgescence, i. 277. 



Turgidity, and "burning", i. 554. 



— and growth, i. 511. 



— and leaf-movements, i. 532. 



— and opening of flowers, ii. 219. 



— and organic acids, i. 464. 



— and shortening of root, i. 770. 



— nature of, i. 59. 



— of staminal filaments, ii. 140. 

 TurioD, application of term, i. 624. 



— scale leaves of, function, i. 625. 

 Turkey Oak. See Querents Cerris. 

 Turnip. See Brassica Rapa rapacea. 

 Turpentine Gall-apple, ii. 534. 

 Turritis glabra, anthocyanin, i. 520. 

 Tussilago, distribution of sexes, ii. 297. 



— geitonogamy, ii. 321. 



— imperfect flowers, ii. 295. 



■ — protection of pollen, ii. 120. 

 Tussilago Farfara, dichogamy, ii. 312, 



flowering and flowerless shoots, i. 652. 



two-coloured leaves, habitat, i. 293. 



Twayblado. See Listera. 

 Twining, Euccessory aids, i. 687. 



— and torsion, i. 683. 



— conditions regulating, i. 682. 



— independence of external conditions, i. 



685. 



— plants, leaf arrangement, i. 420. 



— stem, mechanical tissue, i. 732. 



— stems, annual and perennial, i. 688. 

 Tylanthus ericoides, rolled leaf, section,!, 301. 

 Typha. absorbent cotyledon, i. 765. 



— cotyledon in germination, i. 606. 



— details of germination, i. 608. 



— erect leaves, i. 428. 



— monoecious, ii. 297. 



— protogynous, ii. 313. 



— wax on leaves, i. 292. 



Typha angustifolia, leaf-twist, i. 429. 

 Typha latifolia, coheriug pollen-grains, ii. 97. 

 Typlia Shuttleworthii, germination, i. 607. 



cohering pollen-grains, ii. 97. 



plumed fruits, ii, 857. 



Typhacese, ii. 745. 

 Typhus, relapsing, germ of, i. 163. 

 Tyrol, Castle of Ambras, Lichens on column 

 near, i. 247. 



— mountain pines, i. 549. 



— temperature observations, i. 547. 

 Tyrosin, i. 263. 



— an amide, i. 458. 



— nature of, ii. 199. 



U. 



Udotea, thallus, ii. 645. 

 tJlex, explosive flowers, ii. 267. 



— protection of stomata from moisture, 1.298. 

 TJlex Gallii, &c., fruit-protection, iL 445. 

 spines, i. 434. 



UlmaccEB, ii. 758. 

 TJlmus, bud-scales, i. 626. 



— flowering, ii. 150. 



— leaf-mosaic, i. 422. 



— phyllotaxis, i. 399. 



— pollen discharge, ii. 145. 



— protogynous, ii. 313. 



— roots, i. 752. 



TJlmus campestris and gall of Schizoneura 

 trimi, ii. 533. 



and gall of Tetraneura alba, ii. 633. 



and gall of Tetraneura TJlmi, ii. 632, 533. 



diameter, i. 722. 



flowers and fruits, ii. 143. 



pocket-galls on, ii. 532. 



protogynous, ii. 311. 



Ulothrix, cilia of swarming protoplast, i. 29. 



— Ufe-history, ii. 648. 



— vacuole of swarm-spore, i. 31. 

 Ulothrix zonata, ii. 648. 



fruit-formation, ii. 50. 



Ulva, chlorophyll bodies, i. 373. 



— habit, i. 587. 

 TJlvacese, range, i. 390. 

 TJlvse, on Crabs, i. 77. 



Ulva lactuca, best situation, i. 105. 

 Ulvalatissima, ii. 648. 

 Umbel, i. 739. 

 Umbelliferse, ii. 788. 



— aestivation in, ii. 210. 



— and Field-mice, i. 763. 



— anthocyanin and elevation, i. 522. 



— autogamy, ii. 342. 



— behaviour of cotyledons, i. 600. 



— buds on hypocotyl, ii. 28. 



— coloured bracts in, ii. 183. 



— fleshy leaves, i. 327. 



— flowers, sexual conditions in, ii. 296. 



— geitonogamy in, ii. 323. 



— honey, ii. 179. 



— hybrids few, ii. 584. 



— insect guests, ii. 230, 243. 



— integument of ovule, ii. 81. 



— liberation of cotyledons, i. 612. 



— massing of flowers, ii. 186. 



— oriental, flowering, i. 745. 



— periodically pendulous umbels, i. 530. 



— pollen deposition in, ii. 278. 

 ~ pollen -grains, ii. 102. 



— power of crossing, ii. 616. 



— protection from grazing animals, i. 451. 

 of pollen, ii. 120. 



— protogyny in, ii. 311. 



— scent of flowers, stem, &c., ii. 199. 



— schizocarp and mericarps, ii. 430. 



— seed protection from dryness, ii. 450. 



— sticky stigmas in, ii. 282. 



— venation, i. 632. 



Urabilicaria, Foliose Lichen, ii. 694. 

 Umbrella Pine. See Sciadopitkys verti- 



cillata. 



Unbidden guests of plants, nature of, ii. 230. 



Undershrubs, characteristics of inflores- 

 cences, i. 745. 



— mechanical tissue arrangement, i. 729. 

 Underwood, promotion of growth, ii. 36. 

 Unfolding of Beech-leaves, i. 353. 



~ of leaves, i, 349. 



Uuger, Franz, botanical observations at 

 Kitzbilhel, ii. 495. 



— history of plants, ii. 3. 



— work on development and its title, i. 13. 

 Unguiculate petal, ii. 250. 



Unicellular organisms, green, 'behaviour 



towards light, i. 382. 

 Unisexual flowers, ii. 291. 

 Unona, scent, ii. 202. 

 Upas-tree. See AntiarU toxicaria. 



Upsala, floral clock, ii. 215. 

 Urania, caudex, i. 714. 

 Urea, absorption of, i. 104. 

 Uredineie, dispersal of spores, ii. 812. 



— habit and characteristics, ii. 685. 

 Urocystis, spores, ii. 675. 

 Urocystis ViolEe, ii. 676. 



Uromyces AlchemiUse, efEect on Alchemilla 



vulgaris, ii, 524. 

 Uromyces Phyteumatum, effect onPhyteuma 



orbiculare, ii. 524. 

 Uromyces Pisi, and Euphorbia Cyparissias, 



ii. 525. 

 Uromyces Primulae integrif olise, and Primxila 



Clusiana, &c., ii. 525. 

 Urophora cardui, bud-galls on Cirsium 



arvense, ii. 543. 

 Urpflanze, Goethe's, i. 12. 

 Urtica, amount of pollen, ii. 151. 



— bast-cells, i. 725. 



— cotyledon stinging hairs, i. 623. 



— ejection of pollen, ii. 94, 136. 



— force of root-pressure in, i. 273. 



— pollen-grain, ii. 102. 



— pollination, ii. 133. 



— species causing tetanus, i. 442. 

 UrticaceEB, ii. 719. 



— androecium, ii. 750. 



— distribution of sexes, ii. 297. 



Urtica dioica, and gall of Cecidomyia urticse, 

 ii. 534. 



distribution of sexes, ii. 300. 



stinging hair, i. 493. 



Urtica urens, monoecious, ii. 297. 



persistent cotyledons, i. 622. 



protogjTious, ii. 313. 



stinging, i. 441, 



Usnea barbata, Fruticose Lichen, ii. 694. 

 Ustilaginese, mode of dispersal of spores, ii. 



812. 

 Ustilago carbo. See U. segetum. 

 Ustilago longissima, hosts, ii. 675. 

 Ustilago Maydis, ii. 675. 

 Ustilago segetum, life-history, ii. 675. 

 Ustilago violacea, on Caryophyllaceae, ii. 675. 

 Utricle, of Genlisea, i. 124. 



— primordial, i. 25- 

 Utricularia, autogamy, ii. 356. 



— dispersal of offshoots, ii. 807. 



— embryo, i. 596. 



— floating habit, i. 668, 



— leaves and bladders, i. 120. 



— pollen deposition, ii. 280. 



— pollen dispersion, ii. 105. 



— protective isolation by water, ii. 234. 

 Utricularia Grafiana, i. 120. 

 Utricularia minor, i. 120. 



Utricularia neglecta, traps, absorption cells, 

 i. 121. 



Utricularia nelumbifolia, commensal with 

 TiUandsia, runners of, i. 123. 



Utriculariie, carnivorous plants, with trap- 

 bladders, i. 120, 



— some non-aquatic, i. 123. 

 Uvularia, autogamy, ii. 332. 



— grandiflora, nectaries, ii. 177. 



V. 



VacciniaceEe, ii. 770. 

 Vaccinium, hybrids, ii. 585. 



— pollen tetrads, ii. 97. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 107, 118. 



— sticky stigmas, ii. 282, 



Vaccinium Myrtillus, allurement of insects, 

 '\ 206. 



dehiscence of poUen-sacs, ii. 92. 



grooving of stem, i. 96. 



mycorhiza, i. 251. 



nectaries, ii. 175. 



protogynous, ii. 310. 



Vaccinium Oxycoccus, dehiscence of poUen- 

 sacs, ii. 92. 



duration of flowering, ii, 214. 



force of runners, i. 516. 



stamen, ii. 91. 



