38 FORESTRY IN EASTERN RUSSIA. 



reserved halliveaux, or standards selected from amongst the 

 strongest shoots.' 



M. Guinier discusses the matter in all its details ; and 

 he states at what places in France Furetage is practised, 

 and the extent to which it is there carried out. But upon 

 these discussions and statements I do not feel called upon 

 to enter. In Introduction to the Study of Modern Forts*. 

 Economy there is given information in regard to Taillis 

 sous futaie. 



In regard to Furetage^ Professor Bagneris writes in his 

 work which I have cited : — ' It does not appear to us that 

 this method of exploitation should be generally adopted, 

 because, in the first place, it seems preferable to grow the 

 beech as a timber forest,— and for private proprietors, who 

 possess forests of this tree, as coppice with seed-yielding 

 standards. If the standards are cut early enough, they 

 will not injure the underwood they overtop, especially if 

 the rotation is sufficiently loug, and they will shed seed 

 by which the growing stock will be kept full. Moreover, 

 although Furetage has hitherto preserved beech coppices 

 in a more or less satisfactory condition, it presents many 

 disadvantages. Thus it is exceedingly difficult to cut a 

 certain number of shoots in a clump without injuring the 

 rest ; and in any case the labour is more costly. Besides 

 this, cutting up the wood is not so easy when the shoots 

 left standing are to be preserved from injury; and it is 

 necessary either to remove the former on men's backs, or 

 to allow carts to come in among the standing crops — a 

 proceeding which is necessarily productive of damage.' 



M. Guinier may allege that he has devised a method of 

 securing the good without the evil. And there is a 

 modification of Furetage'' similar to what he advocates 

 being carried out here advantageously. 



* Oftener than once exception has heen taken to my making use of sucli terras as 

 Furetage; tut I am helpless in the matter. One writer, whom I highly esteem, 

 remaiks : — ' It is to be regretted, we think, that Dr Brown should not have found some 

 Englith equivalents for the French terms he employ's. Surely " replanting or planting" 



