and its Economic Management. 

 Space between the sections and top bars 



71 



of the frames is objectionable, in that brace combs are nearly 

 always attached to the underside of the sections. To avoid this 

 entirely, in 1881 I adopted a crate with the bottom composed of 

 slats standing |-inch apart. When in position these slats come 



Simmins' Twin Crate. 



close upon the frames, but at right angles to them ; thus the bees 

 have simply a number of small holes for passages — about |-inch 

 by |-inch, which they are compelled to keep open ; no brace 

 combs are built in consequence, as those are always continued 

 from the wax that may be along the sides of the frame bars. 

 During the seven years I have used this style of crate I have had 

 no brace combs attached to my sections. 



The annexed illustration in section will give a good idea of the 



manner in which the said square 

 passages are formed ; c being 

 the bottom slats of the crate, 

 and D the frame-bars. 



But now having the slats 

 close upon the frames it will be 

 readily understood that a full- 

 sized crate could not be used 

 without much inconvenience ;■ I 

 therefore made it in two, each 

 holding twelve to fifteen sections, and have had no more difiSculty 

 in removing one-half at a time than in taking out a frame of 



