and its Economic Management. 



99 



Metal ends are used where frames are spaced at set distances, 

 but none such are in use for extracting purposes, as then the 

 frames should be farther apart — about |-inch more than usual. 



Where there is any difficulty in restraining the quepn, as where 

 all shallow, or all standard frames may be used j if the queen 

 excluder is objectionable, then place all succeeding sets of combs 

 below the brood nest as recommended in Non-Swarming pamphlet. 



The illustration shows Mr. Howard's new excluder, which can 

 be inserted between the frame bars, thus spacing the frames at the 

 same time, and being adapted to few or many frames. 



Spare Combs 



for extracting may be obtained early in the season by inducing 

 the bees to build out foundation (wired or otherwise), inserted in 

 the brood nest ; or later above it, as explained for drawing out 

 thin foundation. The combs will be tougher, and a larger 

 population will be obtained if such new combs remain in the hive 

 for breeding purposes, while the outside old combs can be 

 removed for storage. 



With plenty of store combs and the " safety valve " below, the 

 bees cannot well be idle if there is anything to be gathered. A 

 common practice is to lift the upper storey and place another under. 



When removing completed sets, let it be done during the busy 

 hours of the day, when what few bees are in will soon leave if 

 piled up in a room with large windows arranged as explained 

 under Bee -houses. Another way is to shake the bees from 



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