100 Fowl Cholera. 



and is Gram positive; milk is coagulated and it does not ferment 

 dextrose. There- is no necrosis of the liver or spleen. (D. t. W., 

 1907, 501.) 



Infectious necrosis of canary birds ; described by Miessner & Sehern 

 as a very infectious disease which is characterized principally by ne- 

 crotic foci in the spleen and liver, and is also frequently associated with 

 diphtheria of the buccal mucous membrane. The causative agent is a 

 short stubby, Gram negative, non-motile organism (Bac. canariensis 

 necrophorus). (A. f. Tk., 1908, XXXIV, 133.) 



Typhoid of canary birds. As Joest had done before him, Zsupan 

 mentions under this name a disease of canary birds caused by bacteria 

 of the enteritis group. It runs a rapid course with symptoms of marked 

 debility, difficult respiration and diarrhea. The constant lesions are 

 acute gastro-intestinal catarrh, and besides, from case to case acute 

 spleen-tumor, fibrinous inflammation of the serous membranes, cloudy 

 swelling of the liver and kidneys. The causative agent (Bac. typhi 

 canariensis) is very similar, to Eberth's typhoid bacillus, and is patho- 

 genic in general for small birds, as well as for rabbits, guinea pigs, 

 rats and mice. (Dresdn. Ber. pro 1906; Kozl., 1909, VIII, 149.) 



Disease of guinea keets (Mykosis intestinalis phasianidum) ; ob- 

 served in Germany by Enders; affects exclusively species of chickens. 

 The causative agent resembles that of fowl cholera, is pathogenic for 

 pigeons and water fowl, and grows well on potato. Autopsy shows 

 hemorrhagic enteritis and osteomyelitis. Maggiora & Valenti consider 

 the disease identical with chicken pest, and the described bacillus is 

 supposed to be a frequent inhabitant of the healthy intestines of fowl 

 (D. t. W., 1902, 339). 



Septicemia of chickens caused by coli bacteria; according to 

 Claussen it is supposed to develop spontaneously in chickens which 

 are exposed in long railroad transportations to thirst, hunger and cold 

 as a result of which the normal coli organism becomes virulent. The 

 symptoms and post mortem lesions resemble those of fowl cholera, but 

 the blood contains bacteria of the coli bacillus type (Z. f. Infkr., 1907. 

 Ill, 69). 



White diarrhea of chicks; according to Rettger this disease affects 

 chicks in the first three weeks of life, and is caused by a bacterium of 

 the coli-typhus group which is present in the blood, internal organs 

 and also in the yolk (J. of Med. Research, 1909, XXI, 115). 



Salmonellosis of chickens; described by Lignieres & Zabala as an 

 infectious and mostly fatal disease which in its course resembles fowl 

 cholera (spleen always swollen). The bacillus resembles the Bac. 

 suipestifer, but is non-motile. Besides chickens, pigeons and rabbits 

 are also susceptible (Bull, 1905, XXXII, 453). 



Mycosis of parrots (Psittacosis) ; a disease of parrots imported 

 to Europe from Africa and America, characterized by dullness, diarrhea 

 and later by marked debility. In its course small grayish-white foci 

 develop in the internal organs, especially in the liver. The causative 

 agent is, according to Ajello & Parascandolo, a specific bacillus; ac- 

 cording to Rho, a paracolon bacillus which produces toxins in cultures. 



