Diagnosis. Treatment. Ill 



small hemorrhages in the tissue of the inflamed pleura, and 

 the sudden appearance and rapid course of the disease are 

 suggestive of hemorrhagic septicemia. 



Sometimes bacteriological examination may be difficult as occasionally the 

 blood as well as the exudates of animals affected with hemorrhagic septicemia con- 

 tain few bacteria and the virus may be greatly attenuated. In doubtful or negative 

 cases, it is therefore advisable to inoculate several test animals, especially rabbits. 



Lastly, the disease is differentiated from simple asphyxia- 

 tion by the absence of inflammatory changes ; from spontaneous 

 (mycotic) or toxic enteritis by the absence of hemorrhages in 

 other organs which will also differentiate septicemia from in- 

 flammatory changes in the lungs aiid inflammatory edemas of 

 the subcutaneous connective tissue. 



Treatment and prevention. The treatment of affected 

 animals has so far been unsuccessful and can at best consist 

 in the scarification of the swellings, washing of the wounds 

 and disinfection of the intestinal canal. 



For the suppression of the disease it is advisable to re- 

 move cattle and hogs from the infected premises to dry, and 

 if possible, to elevated places. When the disease has appeared 

 in a stable, it is well to withhold the suspected feed and to dis- 

 infect the premises. 



The method of immunization which has been recommended by 

 Blin & Carrougeau against buffalo disease (see page 118) might 

 perhaps be applied to hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle. 



Veterinary police. Before requiring the inclusion of hem- 

 orrhagic septicemia among the diseases for compulsory report- 

 ing, it is necessary to take into consideration the fact that it 

 is a disease of the soil. Far reaching traffic restrictions do not 

 appear justified, while hides may be rendered harmless by 

 simple drying. 



Ostertag found in his investigations that dried hides from affected cattle are 

 always free from the infectious agent as soon as their moist and pliable condition 

 is lost and they become hard. Submerging pieces of skin in milk of lime or in 

 fresh tanning fluids destroys the organisms in 24 hours. In meat the infective agent 

 is destroyed by advanced putrefaction, by heating to 70°C. (immediately), with less 

 certainty by salting, pickling or injections of brine (sometimes only after 45 days). 



Iiiterature. Bollinger, tjb. eine neue Wild- und Einderseuche usw. Miinchen 

 1878.— Frauck, D. Z. f. Tm., 1881, VII, 293.— Friedberger, Moh. Jhb. 1880-81, 21.— 

 Kitt, Sitzgsber. d. Ges. f. Morph. Miinchen 1885; Mch. Jhb. 1885-86 u. 1886-87.— 

 Nocard, Bull., 1891, 424.— Jensen, Monh., 1894, II, 188.— LigniSres, Bull., 1897, 

 761; 1900, 537 (Lit.).— Taufer, Fortschr. d. V.— Hyg., 1904, II, 188 (Lit.).— 

 Ostertag, Z. f. Infkr., 1908, IV, 1.— Simader, W. f. Tk., 1908, 397 (Lit.). 



Septic pleuro-pneumonia of calves. The disease was first 

 described by Poels in Holland (1886) and since that time by other 

 authors (Jensen, Lienaux, Bongartz, Galtier and others). It evidently 

 represents a form of hemorrhagic septicemia of cattle, and the close 



