Hidebound. Buffalo Disease. 113 



monia may be observed. In the chronic cases the lungs sometimes 

 show islands or cords consisting of spongy osseous tissue which crepi- 

 tate on pressure and which have developed by ossification of the vessel 

 walls. In the large blood vessels of the body, and in exceptional cases 

 in the small arteries, especially those of the heart, a pronounced 

 arterio-sclerosis exists; the endocardium may show a chroni^ endo- 

 carditis, while the different joints may show indications of chronic 

 inflammation (similar changes were found by Moussu in France in 

 chronic forms of diarrhea and by Brusaferro in a yearling steer 

 slaughtered in Turin) . 



The disease was also observed in horses and sheep but the lungs 

 failed to show the processes of ossification. 



According to the investigations of Lignieres, the causative agent of 

 the disease is a very small variety of the Bac. bipolaris septicus. Intra- 

 venous injections of large quantities of fresh cultures produce septi- 

 cemia which is fatal in 1 to 3 days ; following injections of older cultures 

 in cattle and sheep an articular and peri-articular inflammation develops 

 which results in the formation of new connective and cartilaginous 

 tissue. 



Natural infection occurs in majrshy localities from the water and 

 food. The results are sometimes an enteritis, or a chronic inflammation 

 of the joints and an affection of the vessel walls. 



Lignieres obtained satisfactory results in the treatment of the 

 acute form of the disease by intrajugular injections of diluted blood 

 serum of healthy animals (400 cc. serum and 500 cc. sterile water), 

 or artificial serum (1000 cc. boiled water, 9 grams sodium chloride 

 and 4 grams sodium sulphate). In cases where recovery was prolonged, 

 the injections were repeated. 



Literature. Even, Eevista vet., 1896, 301. — ^LigniSres, Bull., 1898, 761. 



(c) Buffalo Disease. Septicaemia hemorrhagica bubalorum. 



{Barbone disease, Pasteurellosis bubalorum, Pasteurellose des 



buffles [French]; Bilffelseuche [German]; 



Barbone hufalino [Italian].) 



This affection is an acute, febrile, infectious disease of 

 buffalo, and is characterized by febrile manifestations, difficult 

 respiration and especially by an edematous svpelling of the 

 throat region. It is caused by the bacillus bubalisepticus. 



History. The disease was first studied in Italy by Oreste & 

 Armanni (1886), and included in the hemorrhagic septicemia group. 

 They also undertook immunization experiments. In Hungary the oc- 

 currence of the disease was first established by Sequens (1889), while 

 Ratz undertook a more thorough investigation of the pathogenicity 

 of the infective agent. 



Occurrence. Buffalo disease occurs frequently in localities 

 where large numbers of buffalo are kept during the summer, 

 and at times causes considerable loss in some herds. It usually 

 occurs as a disease of the soil in marshy pastures and in dry 

 stubble fields. Exceptionally, however, cases may occur in 

 animals fed in stables. The economic importance of the disease 



