Symptoms. 133 



two days. Under natural conditions also it is probably very 

 short, particularly if some predisposing factor exists. 



The peracute cases of the disease manifest the typical 

 symptoms of hemorrhagic septicemia. As the fever rises to 

 40° C and over, the animals become weak, lose their appetite 

 and lie motionless on the ground. In the pasture they separate 

 from the herd, and in the stable they usually crawl under 

 the straw. If urged to move they have a staggering gait, may 

 move in a circle or execute other forms of involuntary move- 

 ments. Red spots develop on different parts of the body, espe- 

 cially under the ears, on the neck and on the rumps which do 

 not disappear on pressure, and hemorrhages may occur from 

 the nose, the intestines and urinary organs. In some animals 

 symptoms of a severe acute pharyngitis may be observed. The 

 patients usually die in 12 to 24 hours after the appearance of 

 the first symptoms. 



In the acute course the clinical picture corresponds in the_ 

 majority of cases with that of acute pneumonia. The fevered 

 animals have a short, dry and spasmodic cough, assume fre- 

 quently squatting position like dogs, while slimy material is 

 expelled from their mouths. The respiration is accelerated 

 and labored, especially during expiration, the animal frequently 

 standing with legs spread apart and with mouth open. The 

 patient manifests pain on palpation of the thorax. The nose 

 discharges a sticky, slimy secretion. Later the paroxysms of 

 coughing become more frequent and more severe; the respira- 

 tion is very labored, rattling, the temperature remaining con- 

 stantly around 41 °C. The animals become visibly emaciated 

 and finally they can hardly rise from the ground. 



The mucous membranes are cyanotic, a purulent conjunc- 

 tivitis may sometimes be observed." The heart action is accel- 

 erated, later throbbing. There is at first constipation, later 

 diarrhea sometimes with bloody excrement. Towards the 

 termination of the disease red* spots may also be observed on 

 the skin. 



The duration of the acute form usually extends from 1 to 

 2 weeks. Complete recovery is very rare, although occasionally 

 the condition temporarily improves, but usually it passes into 

 the chronic form of the disease. 



The chronic form usually follows the acute. After the 

 subsidence of the acute symptoms indications of a lung affec- 

 tion with periodical coughing and difficulty in respiration will 

 persist for a long time. In such cases the animals show dis- 

 turbed appetite, progressive emaciation, and occasionally 

 chronic inflammation develops in the joints. Towards the ter- 

 mination of these cases also there is fetid diarrhea, and the 

 animals die in from 3 to 6 weeks from complete exhaustion. 

 Not infrequently, however, the affection in the lungs remains 

 stationary and the animals may even be fattened in, spite, of 

 the encapsulate^ foci in these organs. 



