Anatomical Changes. 151 



Anatomical Changes. The carcasses are greatly emaciated, 

 anemic, the parts around the anus are soiled and the mucous 

 membrane protrudes. The mucous membrane of the stomach 

 appears highly reddened, in ruminants, only in the abomasum, 

 and in this especially around the pylorus, it is edematous, 

 swollen, covered with a great quantity of glary mucus. The 

 ridges of the folds are sprinkled with punctiform and linear 

 hemorrhages and erosions. The loosened superficial layer can 

 be easily scraped off with a knife. The small intestines contain 

 a very fetid, yellowish or dirty gray, and sometimes reddish 

 fluid contents, which may be mixed with mucous flakes, and 

 a great quantity of gas. The intestinal mucous membrane is 

 highly reddened, covered with sticky mucus and may be studded 

 with hemorrhages. Its solitary follicles and the Payer's patches 

 are swollen, the submucosa and the muscular coats are edema- 

 tous. Similar changes, although not to the same extent, are 

 present in the mucous membrane of the large intestines. The 

 mesenteric lymph glands are always intensely swollen and fre- 

 quently contain -small hemorrhages. 



The parenchymatous organs are conspicuously pale, the 

 spleen is not enlarged. The lungs show acute edema, and in 

 exceptional cases catarrhal pneumonic foci. The serous mem- 

 branes, especially the pericardium and the endocardium, show 

 hemorrhages. The umbilical vessels are either filled with nor- 

 mal blood coagula or are empty. 



The lesions described are not in all cases distinct, but may be 

 only slight even in cases where the pathogenic bacteria are pres- 

 ent in all organs and even in the muscles (Titze and Weichel). 



According to Jensen the following forms of white scours in calves 

 may be distinguished, depending on the cause of the disease: 



1. Colibacillosis. In one form of this affection which usually 

 occurs shortly after birth and runs a rapid course, the lesions consist 

 in a pronounced enteric condition, the mesenteric lymph glands are 

 red and swollen, the spleen is in most cases enlarged, and large numbers 

 of bacteria are present in the blood and in the organs. The other 

 form appears from 3 to 5 days after birth and causes death of the 

 animal in 3 to 5 days. The intestines are distended by gas and are 

 pale, the mesenteric lymph glands are swollen, but mostly pale; swell- 

 ing of the spleen is rare, the blood and the organs contain no bacteria, 

 or only sparingly so. 



2. Aerogenes bacillosis ; resembles the first form of the coli- 

 bacillosis. 



3. Paracolon bacillosis or pseudocolon bacillosis. This may run 

 a course of hemorrhagic enteritis; frequently, however, the enteric 

 changes are not very marked while the swelling of the mesenteric lymph 

 glands, the enlargement of the spleen and degeneration of the internal 

 organs is very pronounced. In rare cases the serous membranes may 

 contain fibrinous exudate, the blood and the internal organs always 

 contain numerous bacteria. 



4. Pyocyaneus bacillosis (Poels). It is manifested as a severe 

 diarrhea and the autopsy reveals a red spotted intestinal mucous mem- 



