Pathpgeaesis. Anatomical Changes. 163 



the aninial has .been reduced -to such; an extent that othpr, bac- 

 teria, especially the Preisz-Noqard bacillus of "pseudo-tubercu- 

 losis (see that disease), may attack the tissues of the body and ; 

 profiuce an, inflammation of the lung, tissue. 



In these cases which have become chronic, catarrhal pneumonia 

 leading to ea.seation and suppuration can usually be discovered. 

 Bac.illi of pseudo-tuberculosi^ may be, demonstrated in the affected 

 tissues in association with other bacteria (pus cocci, bacillus necrophorus, 

 streptothrix, colon and paracolon bacilli). Their occasipnal pathogenic 

 action has ,been proven by Nocard by the following experiment : A- 

 calf three weeks old was injected intra-peritoneally with 100 cc. of 

 culture of the bipolar bacillus, which had previously been heated for 

 one hour .to 60° C, and after six hours it was made to inhale a bouillon, 

 culture of the bacillus of pseudo-tuberculosis for five minutes. The 

 autopsy which, was pe;?.formed eight days later, revealed numerous 

 catarrhal-pneumonic areas in the lungs. In a second calf, which was 

 not given the injection of the killed culture of the bipolar bacilli, the 

 intalation of the pseudo-tubercle bacilli, caused no changes in the lungs. 



Aceoi-ding to Moussu broncho-pneumonia may develop in sucking 

 calves also, from the aspiration of the amniotic fluid into the air passages 

 during .difficult births. The infection occurs in these eases while the. 

 head is lodged in the vagina., and with the commencing respiratory 

 movements the aspiration of the fluid takes, place. 



Anatomical Changes, In some of ,the acute cases the um-- 

 bilicus is swollen, and! dense. The borders of the umbilical . 

 opening of the ring -which has not clos^ed are infiltrated; some- 

 times tbey are ulcerated, and' a purulent ichorous secretion may 

 be pressed, out of the same. An incision, frequently reveals an 

 abscess lying in the abdominal wall. 



The umbilical vein in colts, also one, or both umbilical 

 arteries (Gmelin), are greatly thickened and of ,a firm or fluctu- 

 ating consistence in their .entire length, or only in parts. Iri 

 different -places the lumen is filled with blood ,coagulum, which 

 in various parts or along its entire length appears of a dirty 

 red color, and sometimes liquefied to. a thick feti^d mass. The, 

 surface of the intima is covered with fibrinous^ shreds or, with' 

 purif orm softened masses under which there may be ulcerations. , 

 The.',other layers of the'. wall of the vessel, ,as well as .the sur- 

 rounding connective tissue, are sometimes only, infiltrated with 

 the. serous fluid, in other cases again with fibrinous purulent 

 exudate. In ease the inflammation has extended to the adjacent 

 peritoneum the abdominal organs lying close to the a:Jected 

 areas usually show adhesions by fibrinous pseudo-membranes 

 (intestines, omentum, liver, in colts also the bladder). All these 

 changes ,may be present without an affection of the umbilicus. 

 In the. branches .of the. portal vein, inside of the liver tissue, 

 similar thrombi may occur, while on the other hand, the thrQi^- 

 bus of the vein may occasionally extend into the ductus Arantii, 

 and noay even penetrate with its blunt end, into the lumen of 

 the vena cava. The thrombi of the umbilical arteries may reach . 



