lYQ Pyo-Septicemia of Sucklings. 



treatment of the umbilical stump is very desirable. This can 

 also be executed by a competent attendant. 



Technique of the Treatment of the Umbilicus. In this method the umbllieai 

 cord is washed with disinfecting fluid, (3% carbolic acid, 1 to 1000 corrosive sub- 

 linjate, 5% creolin solution.) It is then ligated about' three to five cm. from the 

 navel with a previously disinfected string. The ligation should be carried out after 

 the pulsation ceases. The cord is then severed with scissors below the ligature, and 

 the Cut surface is moistened either with the same fluid or with a more concentrated 

 disinfectant, for instance, concentrated carbolic acid, (Gmelin.) On the following 

 .days sponging with one of the above-mentioned fluids, or with Burow's solution con- 

 1 jtaining camphor should be repeated until the .complete drying of the stump, while 

 the cut surface may be sprinkled with disinfectant and drying powders. The parch- 

 ment-like dried stump may be cut off after 4 to 5 days, and the navel wound should 

 ■ be. treated daily .with 1%. corrosive sublimate gelatin until cicatrization is complete. 

 Nocard washes the stump of calves first with Lugol's solution, , (25 parts iodiije, 4 

 parts iodide of potassium, 1000 parts water,) then with iodine-alcohol, (2 parts 

 iodine, 1000 methyl-alcohol,) and after the evaporation of the alcohol he seals the 

 .stump- and the navel with a thick layer of a 1% iodine collodion. Eeindl recom- 

 mends for washing the umbilicus tincture of iodine containing carbolic acid; for 

 further treatment, linseed oil containing 5% carbolic acid. Wilhelmi cleans tnt. 

 navel and the umbilical stump with a 1% lysol of creolin solution, whereupon he 

 opens the shea,th of the umbilical cord, paints it outside and in with a liniment con- 

 sisting of iodine, tannin, and glycerine, and then knots the lower end with two 

 fingers. In. places where the owner is poor, repeated painting of the navel region 

 with wood tar dissolved in oil and turpentine, gives good service. 



The disinfection of the umbilicus, if carried out with sufficient thoroughness 

 and cleanliness, gives very good results, and in this manner the disease has been 

 checked among colts and calves, (Gmelin, Nocard, and others.) In some cases, how- 

 ever, an. aggravation of the condition has been oloEerved to follow, probably tecaure 

 .the persons in charge of the treatment have directly infected the umbilical cord 

 with their contaminated hands and instruments. 



Immunization. As in some of the cases, the causative agent proved 

 to be the colon bacillus, and owing to the close rela,tion between pyo- 

 septlcemia, and white scours of the newly-borns, the immune serum 

 of animals treated with colon bacilli may be also recommended for 

 this disease (see page 156). Considering that the bipolar bacilli have 

 also an etiological part in this disease, the use of the serum which 

 serves against this bacterium appears to have at least an experimental 

 foundation. 



Literature. Eiirstenberg, V. A., 1864, XXIX, 152.— EolofE, Ibid., 1866, 

 XXXVII, 434.— Bollinger, Ibid., 1873, LVITI, 329; D. Z. f. Tm., 1875, I, 50.— 

 .Pfeiffer, A. f. Tk., 1891, XVLl, 81.— Gmelin, Monh., 1891, II, 196 (Lit.); 1897, VIII, 

 21^9. — Hess, Landw, Jahrb. il. Schweiz, 1897. — Oa'sper, D. t. W., 1897, 159. — Sohnle, 

 Monh., 1901, XII, 337.— Ostertag, Ibid., S. 385.— Krautstrunk, Z. f. Infkr., 1910, VII, 

 256. 



7. Influenza of Horses. Influenza equorum, 



{Equine influenza, PinJc eye, Typhoid, fever, Stable pneumonia, 



Influenza catarrhalis s. erysipelatosa et pectoralis, 



Pleuro -pneumonia contagiosa equorum; Grippe, 



Fievre typhoide, Pneumonie infectieuse, Pas- 



teurellose du cheval [French]; Febbre 



tifosa [Italian'] ; Pferdestaupe, 



Botlaufseuche, Brustseuche 



[German].) 



Influenza is an acute febrile, contagious infectious disease 

 of horses, which occurs frequently in stables in an enzootic 

 form. It is characterized either by acute catarrh of the mucous 



