Typhus of Dogs. 211 



An ovoid bacterium (Bae. felisepticus) was also found by Boucek 

 in young cats, which died in an enzootic. These animals suffered 

 from disturbed appetite, vomiting and convulsions, while the autopsy 

 revealed a mild intestinal catarrh, moderate swelling of the spleen and 

 of the mesentery lymph glands, as well as punetiform hemorrhages 

 in the pericardium and in the heart muscles (Cbl. f. Bakt., 1909, 

 LIII, 279). 



II. Typhus of Dogs. Typhus canum. 



{Hundetyphus, Stuttgarter Hundeseuche; Gastro-enteritis 



haemorrhagica.) 



Typhus of dogs is an acute infectious • disease which 

 periodically occurs in an epizootic form, in the course of which 

 severe symptoms of a gastro-intestinal inflammation are ob- 

 served frequently coniplicated by ulcerative stomatitis and 

 severe nervous symptoms. The etiology of the disease has not 

 been determined up to the present time. 



History. Hofer described the disease under the name of "typhus" 

 in 1850; however, it did not create a general interest until it appeared 

 in Germany in 1898, and in the following years also in other countries, 

 as a severe plague. In this outbreak the disease was first described 

 clinically by Klett, who observed it in the fall of the year in and 

 around Stuttgart (hence the name "Stuttgart dog disease"). Other 

 outbreaks of the affection, and also deviations from the usual mani- 

 festations were described by Scheibel of Frankfort, Albrecht of 

 Munich, Zschokke of Switzerland, Trevisan & Gambarotte of Italy, Bimes 

 & Seres and others of France, Hebrant of Belgium, Nemo of Edin- 

 burgh, Mattel & Tremmel of Vienna and vicinity. A similar disease 

 was observed in 1903 at Budapest, when several cases came under 

 observation. 



Occurrence. According to the above mentioned writers the 

 disease existed in the years of 1898-1900 in Middle Europe in 

 the form of a wide spread, epizootic extension ; since that time 

 however it has again disappeared. In the period mentioned 

 the disease caused great losses especially among older dogs 

 of the affected localities. 



Etiology. The epizootic occurrence of the disease in 

 various localities which are not far apart, appears to indicate 

 its infectious nature. On the other hand various investigators 

 have observed almost uniformly that direct transmission has 

 no, or only an insignificant, importance, in its appearance and 

 spread. Frequently dogs became affected which had not pre- 

 viously come in contact with affected animals, while on the 

 other hand among dogs kept in kennels, not infrequently only 

 isolated cases were observed. Test inoculations have not given 

 uniform results up to the present time. 



In the outbreaks which have occurred usually the older 

 dogs and not infrequently those over 10 years old became 



