212 Typhus of Dogs. 



affected. Some of the animals contracted the disease in spite 

 of the fact that they had passed through an attack of distemper. 

 The condition, sex and breed of the animals appeared to have 

 no noticeable influence on their susceptibility. 



Attempts at artificial transmission have so far given variable 

 results. Pirl observed after subcutaneous injection of the bile of a 

 severely affected animal (5.0 or 2.0 cm.) into two healthy dogs, that 

 an inflammatory edema developed at the point of inoculation, followed 

 by fever, salivation, vomiting, bloody diarrhea and convulsions. One 

 of the dogs died after three days, the other recovered after six days. 

 The subcutaneous injection of blood, fluid from the lungs, or an emul- 

 sion prepared from the walls of the stomach or intestines, produced 

 only a local suppuratioii (Albrecht, Scheibel), while the feeding of 

 organs and of the contents of the stomach of animals dead from the 

 disease proved harmless. Scheibel observed in only one instance the 

 development of a gastro-intestinal inflammation, after he had previously 

 neutralized the gastric juice in the animal which was fed with the 

 infected material. Scheibel & Zschokke found a bacterium in the blood 

 resembling the organism of fowl cholera or swine plague, while 

 Leclainche & Vall6e demonstrated in the pathologic secretions and 

 tissues the presence of a " Pasteurella. ' ' Based on these findings Bimes 

 & Seres identified the disease with dog distemper (?). 



In the winter of 1903 to 1904 several cases were observed at the 

 Budapest clinic which in their manifestations, except for the absence 

 of the ulcerations in the mouth, were similar to the cases observed 

 in Germany. From the contents of the severely inflamed and hemor- 

 rhagic intestines, also from the intestinal mucous membrane and the 

 mesenteric lymph glands, a colon bacillus and a virulent type of proteus 

 has been isolated in every instance. An intravenous injection of 1 g. 

 bouillon culture of these bacilli per 1 kg. of body weight, produced 

 in dogs a very intense hemorrhagic gastro-enteritis, which produced 

 death inside of six hours, while the subcutaneous injection of the colon 

 bacillus caused extensive but painless suppuration, and necrosis of the 

 skin. It was impossible to produce the disease by feeding the bouillon 

 or meat cultures, not even after a previous neutralization of the hydro- 

 chloric acid of the stomach (Hutyra). 



Anatomical Changes. The autopsy establishes in all cases 

 severe inflammatory changes in the digestive tract. The mucous 

 membrane in the entire stomach and in the duodenum, is greatly 

 swollen, corrugated, and of a blackish-red color. Its surface 

 shows numerous hemorrhages varying in size from that of a 

 lentil to a pea, and is covered profusely with mucous or with 

 a chocolate brown, semi-liquid mass which has an alkaline reac- 

 tion (exceptionally fresh blood may be also present in the 

 stomach). Similar, but less plainly marked inflammatory 

 changes, are present in the intestinal canal, especially in the 

 small intestines and in the caecum. The peritoneum over the 

 stomach and the intestines is markedly injected, the mesenteric 

 lymph glands, and to a greater or lesser extent the spleen also 

 show acute swelling. The liver and the kidneys are hyperemic, 

 the latter also contain small hemorrhages; the bladder is 



