Symptoms, 213 



usually distended, its mucous membrane is usually smooth and 

 pale red. The lungs shpw only hypersemia and acute edema. 

 The muscle of the heart gf ten tears easily, and on the cut surface 

 it is sprinkled with butter-yellow streaks. ' The brain and its 

 meninges are hyperemic. The buccal cavity frequently con- 

 tains inflammatory, as "v^ell as necrotic changes (see symptoms). 



Symptoms. The disease almost invariably commences with 

 sudden vomiting, which usually attacks the animal while eating 

 or drinking, and which may re-appear very frequently. The 

 vomited material consists of remains of the ingested food or 

 water stained yellow by ;the bile, but may later become bloody. 

 From this stage on, the animals refuse to eat, or they accept 

 food unwillingly; on the other hand they drink water very fre- 

 quently and feverishly. There is first constipation, but later 

 diarrhea appears. 



The animals are greatly depressed from the beginning of 

 the disease, and are unwilling to move about, and in doing so 

 they manifest a staggering gait. They show indifference to 

 their surroundings, which condition later develops into great 

 dullness and sleepiness. ' The animals become greatly emaciated 

 as a result of the frequent vomiting, and persistent inappe- 

 tence, and the disease develops in its characteristic form in 

 from 3 to 5 days. 



The conjunctivae show a brownish-red discoloration, are 

 greatly injected, the eyeballs are sunken in their sockets, the 

 pupils are dilated. The nasal mucous membrane is of a similar 

 color and dry. 



The mouth emits a very unpleasant, penetrating odor, which 

 sometimes may be noticeable at a great distance. The buccal 

 mucous membrane is dry, dark brownish-red, and covered with 

 a tenacious coating which is at first gray, later thick and 

 chocolate brown; this coating is especially noticeable on the 

 tongue. Later the mucous membrane loses its luster in spots, 

 these areas soon changing into erosions, and becoming covered 

 with pale yellow or dirty brown, tinder-like scabs; sometimes 

 they, are surrounded by bright red inflammatory tissue. These 

 lesions are principally observed on the inner surface of the 

 cheeks opposite the rows of teeth, on the gums, in the corners 

 of the mouth, on the inner surface of the lips, especially in 

 the region of the corner teeth, and on the borders of the lower 

 surface of the tongue. Later the scabs drop off and in their 

 place dark red ulcerations appear, which are covered with tissue 

 shreds or with a dirty brown debris. _ In severe cases the ulcers 

 may confluate forming large ulcerative areas, while the tongue 

 may change into a dry, chapped, frequently entirely insensitive, 

 shrunken body. 



The abdomen is very sensitive, especially over the region 

 of the stomach, and it is either bloated or drawn up; loud 

 peristaltic sounds may be heard when close to the animal. The 



