214 Typhus of Dogs. 



movement of the bowels is at first retarded, sometimes the 

 animals after severe straining, pass balls of feces covered with 

 mucons or blood, which may also contain blood; in other cases 

 again severe diarrhea may appear, the feces being fluid, bloody 

 and very fetid. The mucous membrane of the rectum is occa- 

 sionally greatly inflamed, very painful, and exceptionally also 

 ulcerated. The body temperature is usually normal, only to- 

 wards the end of the disease it sometimes drops below normal. 

 The heart's action becomes accelerated in the later stages of 

 the disease, being weak and beating arhythmically. The respira- 

 tion is quiet, and deep, exceptionally however in the presence 

 of pneumonia it becomes accelerated. The urine which fre- 

 quently can be passed only on pressing the greatly distended 

 bladder, contains in severe cases a great amount of albumen, 

 and more or less bile pigment. In some cases clonic spasms 

 of the muscles of the head, or over the entire body, may be 

 present. 



From the described clinical appearance of the disease, which was 

 observed by Klett at the time of the outbreak at Stuttgart, various 

 deviations are observed in the different outbreaks, especially in the 

 extension and intensity of the ulcerative and necrotic processes on the 

 buccal mucous membranes, which may even be entirely absent in fatal 

 cases (Albreeht). In other cases there occurs considerable swelling 

 of cheeks and lips, without ulcerations, a livid discoloration of the 

 buccal mucous membrane, profuse salivation, and an acute swelling 

 of the cervical lymph glands (in Scheibel's cases the disease was always 

 introduced by high fever). In some of the outbreaks nervous symp- 

 toms predominated over the clinical manifestations (Bimes & Seres). 



Among other symptoms may also be mentioned rigidity and ten- 

 derness of the muscles, similar to those occurring in rheumatism; total 

 paralysis of the hind quarters, hematuria (Mattel) ; in some of the 

 otherwise tjrpical cases the body temperature may be high at the 

 beginning of the disease, and may be associated with severe chills 

 (Mattel, Tremmel). There may be hemorrhages into the anterior 

 chamber of the eye (Richter) with which keratitis may become asso- 

 ciated (Pirl). Some patients may become hard of hearing, and later 

 deaf (according to Richter probably as a result of the extension of 

 the inflammatory process from the pharynx to the internal and 

 middle ear). 



Course and Prognosis. The average duration of the disease 

 is usually from 8 to 10 days ; in most severe cases the animals 

 usually die in from 4 to 6 days, exceptionally however death 

 ensues towards the end of the second day. The rate of mortality 

 fluctuates between wide limits in different epizootics. In the 

 beginning of an outbreak sometimes almost every animal dies, 

 while later the course of the disease becomes less and less 

 severe. A very rapid development of the disease, complete 

 inappetence, profuse diarrhea and great debility indicate un- 

 favorable terminations, whereas a slow course and mild symp- 

 toms warrant hopes for recovery. Young animals are more 

 apt to withstand the disease than older ones. 



