232 Purpura Hemorrhagica, 



15 patients, the tabulation of Mouilleron and Rossignol only 11 deaths 

 with 62 patients, while of 209 cases treated by other methods 126 suc- 

 cumbed to the disease. The Pasteur Institute of Paris has recently 

 prepared a polyvalent serum with- the aid of streptococci of man and of 

 the horse, and with this serum Payrou obtained favorable results in 

 army horses (of 45 cases only 7 died, 15.5%). However, as in the' 

 etiology of purpura hemorrhagica other bacteria appear to have also 

 a part and Cadiot obtained equally good results with normal blood 

 serum (100-125 g.), the value of the rather expensive serum treatment 

 cannot be definitely judged at the present time. 



Literature. Percivall, The Vet., 1844. — Hering, Spez. Path., 1858, 371 (Lit.).— 

 Dieckerhofe, Spez. Path., 1892, 417; B. t. W., 1898, 541.— Mouilleron & Eossignol, 

 Bull., 1898, 168.— Lange, Z. f. Vk., 1903, XV, 117.— Jost, B. t. W., 1904.— Lignieres, 

 Bull., 1895, 587; 1898, 722; 1903, 363.— Javorsky, A. f. Tk., 1905, XXXI, 601.— 

 Payrou, Bull., 1905, 491.— Mollerau, Eec, 1905, 24.— Drouin, Eev. gSn., 1906, VII, 

 289.— Barthel, Z. f. Vk., 1906, XVIII, 430 (Lit.).— Franz, D. t. W., 1906, 38. 



Purpura Hemorrhagica of Cattle. Recent literature contains 

 several reports (Schleg, Bichhorn, Prank, Roder, Plate, Ehrhardt, Kop- 

 pitz, Reinhardt and others), which render the occurrence of purpura 

 hemorrhagica among cattle, especially younger animals, and perhaps 

 also in buffalo (De Does) probable. In the respective cases there was 

 a diminished appetite and cessation of rumination, as well as great 

 depression and weakness. At first small, later more extensive hemor- 

 rhages occurred in the skin, and in the subcutaneous connective tissue, 

 in the conjunctivae, in the mucous membranes of nose and lips, and 

 in the udder ; while in some cases edematous swellings, although usually 

 only in a moderate development, were observed on the extremities, and 

 on the abdomen. From the surface of these swellings a bloody serous 

 fluid oozed out. At the same time a bloody discharge from the nose and 

 the vagina was occasionally observed, and the mash-like excrements 

 were also mixed with blood. In exceptional cases there appeared a 

 necrosis over the hemorrhages in the buccal mucous membrane, and in 

 the conjunctivae, as well as in the skin. In some of the cases the 

 temperature remained normal, in others, however, the disease was inau- 

 gurated with high fever. In the cases where the animals were not 

 slaughtered during the disease, recovery usually followed in from six 

 to ten days, but in some instances not for three weeks, while some of 

 the animals died from intestinal hemorrhage or septicemia. Autopsy 

 usually revealed more or less extensive hemorrhages in the muscles, in 

 the serous and mucous membranes, in the subserous and submucous 

 connective tissues, as well as in the internal organs. In some cases there 

 was also yellowish-gray or grayish-brown discoloration of the liver. The 

 spleen usually appeared normal. 



In the majority of cases the healthy animals became affected with- 

 out any apparent cause ; exceptionally the disease developed in connec- 

 tion with a local inflammatory process, especially mastitis (Robert), 

 puerperal inflammation of the uterus (Augstein), or rheumatism of the 

 joints (Zehl). The disease was also observed as a stable infection, 

 although a transmission from animal to animal could not be established 

 in these cases. 



Before establishing a diagnosis of purpura hemorrhagica it should 

 be differentiated from other diseases in which hemorrhages occur, espe- 

 cially the various kinds- of septicemias (anthrax, malignant edema, 

 hemorrhagic septicemia, etc.). The disease is mainly distinguished 

 from these affections by the absence of fever in the early stages. 



