242 Rinderpest. 



or even dirty-gray bile. The mucous membrane is in some 

 instances at first covered with, vesicles and ulcers, later with 

 greenish-yellow patches of necrotic tissue. The spleen is usu- 

 ally unchanged, sometimes, however, it may here and there be 

 acutely swollen. The kidneys manifest cloudy swelling or fatty 

 degeneration, the mucous membrane of the hylus-of the kidneys 

 and of the urinary bladder shows catarrhal swelling and small 

 hemorrhages. 



The lungs show an acute hyperemia, and sometimes contain 

 scattered areas of catarrhal pneumonia. Frequently an inter- 

 stitial emphysema is present, and in some cases air bubbles are 

 found under the pleura, in the mediastinum, in the surrounding 

 tissue of the trachea, as well as in the subcutaneous and sub- 

 peritoneal connective tissue. The heart is flabby, the muscles 

 are friable, of a dull, grayish-brown color, sometimes showing 

 butter-yellow streaks. Under the pericardium as well as be- 

 neath the endocardium, hemorrhages are frequent. The blood 

 is dark red and only partially coagulated. 



The lymph glands, especially in the mesentery, show an 

 acute swelling, their tissue is reddened and moist, but contains 

 no hemorrhages. 



In the brain and in the cerebral meninges only a hyperemia 

 and moderate edema of the white brain substance may be found. 



The described anatomical changes are present in animals which 

 die at the height of the disease, or which were killed not earlier than 

 on the third or fourth day of the affection. Pronounced lesions on 

 the mucous membrane of the digestive tract, and especially in the 

 abomasum, are present in almost every instance, while the mucous 

 membrane of the air passages and genital organs may only occasionally 

 manifest an acute catarrh. However the affection of the intestinal 

 tract is not always uniform, for instance, the very decided affection 

 of Peyer's patches which was observed in every case by Gerlach is 

 according to Bristowe, Murehison and Dieckerhoff in. some cases en- 

 tirely absent. Again Koch observed in South Africa, and NicoUe 

 in Turkey, that the diphtheritic changes in the buccal cavity and in 

 the intestines were only slightly pronounced in those countries in the 

 rinderpest of cattle. In the gray range cattle the anatomical changes 

 are usually less prominent than in cattle of "Western European breeds. 



Symptoms. The time of incubation in cattle extends from 3 

 to 9 days. 



Eaupaeh inoculated 865 cattle, of whioti 70 (8.1%) developed tlie disease on 

 the fourth, 227 (26.25%) on the fifth, 303 (35%) on the sixth, 208 (24.15%) on 

 the seventh, and 57 (6.6%) on the eighth day. Sanderson and Semmer have 

 observed in exceptional cases a febrile rise in temperature 36 to 48 hours after 

 inoculation. Of 390 animals inoculated by Tode 55 became affected on the fourth 

 to tenth, 21 on the eleventh to twentieth, 20 on the twenty-first to twenty-sixth day. 

 Of the more recent authors Koch observed the development of fever as the first 

 indication of the disease in from 3 to 9, Theiler from 3 to 6, Nicolle & Adil-Bey 

 from 4 to 6 days. 



The establishment of the accurate time of incubation was of special impor- 

 tance during the time when cattle imported from Roumania and Eussia to Austria- 

 Hungary and Prussia, were subjected to a quarantine on the borders. For this 

 reason the international veterinary congresses repeatedly discussed this question (in 



