Symptoms. 243 



1863 in Hamburg, in the years 1865 and 1867 in Vienna). Nine days was estab- 

 lished as the maximal duration, and after the international hygienic conference in 

 1872 had also substantiated this finding, the duration of the quarantine was reduced 

 from 21 to 10 days. 



The first symptom of the disease which usually precedes 

 the other manifestations by one or two days is the rise in the 

 temperature which in the Western European cattle reaches on 

 the first or not later than on the second day 40-42.2° C. (Gerlach). 

 In range cattle however it usually does not reach that height 

 (Medvedski. According to Dieckerhoff the rise in the tempera- 

 ture commences in exceptional cases only 10 to 20 hours after 

 the appearance of the other symptoms). 



At the same time the animals manifest a marked depression 

 and dullness. They stand in the stable, or apart from the 

 other animals in the barnyard or pasture, with head drooped, 

 sometimes supporting it on the crib, the ears drooped, and 

 the back arched. Exceptionally the affected animals first show 

 great excitement, constantly moving about, attempting to break 

 loose when tied, shaking their heads, tearing up the ground 

 with the'ir- horns and feet, and sometimes even assuming a 

 fighting attitude. This excitement however lasts only a short 

 time, not longer than a few hours, and is soon relieved by the 

 above-mentioned depression. 



The appetite is depressed, the thirst on the other hand 

 being sometimes increased (according to Dieckerhoff many 

 animals manifest frequent yawning, and the swallowing of 

 pieces of mortar) ; rumination is delayed or sometimes ceases, 

 the feces which are passed at long intervals are dry, dark- 

 colored, and do not form curled cakes. The urine is diminished 

 in quantity and of a darker color. The milk secretion is con- 

 siderably diminished from the beginning of the disease. 



In the meantime the animals tremble, shaking severely 

 over the entire body at short intervals. They grind their teeth, 

 and certain groups of muscles, especially on the neck and near 

 the flank, show fibrillar twitching. The temperature is unevenly 

 distributed over the body surface, the horns and the ears feel 

 warm to the touch, the muzzle is dry, the skin at the flexor 

 surfaces of the extremities and in the surrounding parts, is 

 covered with perspiration, the hair especially over the vertebral 

 column is lusterless and erect. 



Respiration and pulse become somewhat accelerated, and 

 the frequency of the pulse is affected by even slight external 

 influences. Many of ^the affected animals cough frequently, even 

 in the first stages of the disease, without it being possible to 

 detect any changes in the thoracic organs. 



From the second day of the manifest affection inflammatory 

 changes of the mucous membrane appear in the foreground, 

 which render the symptoms of the disease characteristic. 



The conjunctivae are bright red, the lids are swollen, 

 cushion-like, while tears run profusely from the narrow opening 

 of the eye. Later the secretion becomes mucous and soon 



