Occurrence. 259 



territory of the United States. It was probably carried to Europe 

 in the 60 's of the last century. Its occurrence was first established 

 in England in 1862 (swine fever, typhoid fever), where it has since 

 appeared from year to year, causing in 1896 the loss of as high as 

 80% of all hogs in the country. From England it was supposed to 

 have been spread to Sweden in 1887, with an importation of boars, 

 and from there in the same year to Denmark, to the Island of Amagar, 

 and from there it later extended to other localities in the country. At 

 the same time it appeared in Prance in the vicinity of Marseilles 

 (it is supposed as a result of an introduction from Algeria), spreading 

 to all parts of this country, as well as Spain and Italy. 



Roloff reported in 1866 in Germany the occurrence of an infec- 

 tious "caseous intestinal inflammation" in young hogs of English 

 breed in the Province of Saxony, which according to the accurate de- 

 scription of the changes in the caecum and colon was possibly identical 

 with hog cholera. Hog cholera was observed in 1893 as a severe fatal 

 affection in Posen, and shortly afterwards in Prussian-Silesia, from 

 which country it has been disseminated to the neighboring territories 

 of Austria. Extending in an eastern and southeastern direction it 

 reached Hungary in 1895, where it first made its appearance in the 

 fattening establishments of Kobanya and Gyor, causing great losses. 

 At the occurrence of the outbreak at Kobanya of the 180,000 animals 

 8,368 died, or had to be slaughtered in May ; 10,288 in June, and at 

 the end of that year with the exception of Siebenbiirgen, all counties 

 were infected. In the following year the disease existed throughout the 

 entire country. 



In Germany during the period of 1898-1906 the number of townships infected 

 with hog cholera and swine plague increased from 1,817 to 11,513, and the number 

 of the affected animals from 11,813 to 104,728. Subsequently up to the year of 

 1908 the number of townships infected diminished to 8,782, and the number of 

 cases to 75,688. The total loss amounted in 1908 to 60,101 hogs, and the disease 

 was most widely spread in the government districts of Breslau, Liegnitz, Posen, 

 Bromberg, Potsdam, Frankfurt, and Oppeln. At the end of 1907 there were 

 infected 1,839 townships, and 86.6% of all outbreaks were confined to Prussia. 



Hog cholera is widely spread in France, and all parts of the country are 

 infected with the disease. In 1908 from 13 to 20 districts were said to be 

 infected during different months; however the reports are not accurate. 



For a time the disease has greatly diminished in Great Britain, as a result 

 of the measures of eradication which were inaugurated in 1893. While in 1894 

 5,862 outbreaks were established in 73 counties, in 1905 only 817 outbreaks occurred 

 in 58 counties. In 1894 to 1896 the number of hogs, which were excluded from 

 traffic on account of the disease or on suspicion, amounted to 56,296, 69,931 

 and 79,586, while in the year 1905 only 3,876 animals were affected by this 

 measure. In 1906 the disease spread again more extensively, and in 1908 there 

 occurred 2,067 outbreaks in 68 counties, and 14,096 affected or suspected hogs 

 were slaughtered. 



The disease diminished in Austria as a result of regulations passed in 1895, 

 and consequently from 1896 to 1898 a gradual decrease in the number of outbreaks 

 resulted; later however it again spread to a considerable extent. In 1895, 2,767 

 outbreaks with 28,142 affected animals were recorded; in 1898, 654 outbreaks with 

 4,610 affected animals; and in 1900, 1,100 localities with 35,984-affections. In 

 1908 the weekly number of outbreaks fluctuated between 104 and 208. The disease 

 was most extensive in Galieia, Bohemia, Moravia and Lower Austria, while Dalmatia 



In Hungary in the first year (1895) after the appearance of the affection 

 1,478 and in the following year 3,569 townships, with 413,562 and 868,777 animals, 

 were affected. From this time on the disease gradually diminished, but even m 

 1908 2,200 townships were noted, with 263,945 cases, of which 148,110 (56.8%) 

 died (in the first 2 years the mortality am'ounted to 81.4% and 73.6%). The 

 disease is most widely spread in the section south of the Tisza and Danube rivers. 



Of other countries the disease was discovered in 1908 in Bulgaria, affecting 



