284 Hog Cholera. 



prevention and eradication. Accordingly tlie veterinary police 

 measures (compulsory reporting, isolation of affected animals,, 

 farm or town quarantine, isolation and if possible slaughtering 

 of the affected animals, destruction of the carcasses, closing 

 up of the hog markets, and prohibition of the peddling of ani- 

 mals, etc.), when applied at the right time and if energetically 

 executed will lead to favorable results. 



As hog cholera always develops as the result of the intro- 

 duction of the virus, and as it is of a decidedly contagious 

 nature, there remains no doubt that it may be eradicated from 

 large territories by obligatory slaughter of the affected and sus- 

 pected animals. This procedure, when vigorously executed, has 

 brought good results in several places in which the disease has 

 not become prevalent to a great extent, and where hogs were 

 kept in small groups, and the traffic with these animals was not 

 very extensive (for instance in Sweden and Norway). Such a 

 method of eradication would also bring about the desired re- 

 sults in countries in which hog breeding is well developed, where 

 the traffic in hogs is very extensive, and the disease has already 

 spread considerably. Eradication based on this principle 

 would of course necessitate a corresponding indemnity to the 

 owners, and would also have to be aided by immunization. At 

 the present time the most powerful obstacles in the way of such 

 a procedure are the financial difficulties. 



The eradication has been in progress in Great Britain since 1893, and the 

 results are indicated, at least up to 1905, by a marked reduction in the number 

 of cases (see p. 259). ' 



In Austria a law of 1899 requires the obligatory slaughter of affected, exposed 

 and suspected animals, for which an indemnity reimburses the owners. Until 

 the end of 1901 102,769 hogs were slaughtered, and the entire cost of the eradica- 

 tion ainounted to 2,625,470 crowns. The results of the eradication did not come 

 up to expectations, as repeated introductions from foreign countries have greatly 

 hampered it, although in recent years a diminution of the disease has been observed 

 in the Alpine countries. ^' 



Veterinary police measures may be aided greatly by im- 

 munization, inasmuch as outbreaks may be checked and the 

 spreading of the disease to surrounding herds may be pre- 

 vented by serum inoculations. 



In the United States a procedure is followed to a great extent, in which 

 the newly infected herds are treated with serum, and the droves of the immediate 

 vicinity which are not yet infected are inoculated by the simultaneous method. 

 At the same time further extension is prevented by quarantine of the infected 

 herds, slaughter of the affected animals, and the disinfection of the premises 

 (Melvin). 



Literature. Up to the year 1905 Joest, Hog Cholera and Swine Plague, 

 Jena, 1906. — ^De Sehweinitz & Dorset, Bureau of Animal Industry, XX, Rep., 1903, 

 157._Dorset, Bolton & MoBryde, Ibid., XXI, Eep., 1904, 138; Ibid. Bull. Nr., 102, 

 1908. — Olintock, Boxmeyer & Siffer, Journ. of Diseases, 1905, II, 351.— Hettinger, 

 Schw. A., 1905, XVII, 255.— Hutyra, B. t. W., 1906, 607.— Ostertag, Ibid., p. 623.— 

 Ostertag & Stadie, Z. f. Infkr., 1907, II, 113 u. 425.— Theiler, F. d. Vhyg., 1906, 

 IV, 121.— Glasser, D. t. W., 1907, 617.— Lourens, Zbl. f. Bakt., 1907, XLIV, 420.— 

 Uhlenhuth, Xylander, Hiibener & Boht7, Arb. d. G.-A., 1908, XXVII, 1 (Lit.); 

 1909, XXX, 217 (Lit.).— Marxer, B. t. W., 1908, 401.— Hutyra & Wetzl., Z. t. 



