294 I'owl Pest. 



disease, at least in the somewhat protracted cases, a bloody 

 diarrhea develops quite frequently. The cyanosis of the comb 

 and of the wattles is an indication of pest, but does not exclude 

 cholera, as it is also frequently present in this disease. In the 

 autopsy decided sub-epicardial hemorrhages, fibrinous deposits 

 on the heart, severe hemorrhagic inflammation of the intes- 

 tines, and pneumonic areas are indications of cholera, and speak 

 against the presence of pest. The differentiation is only certain 

 by bacteriological examination. In pest no bacteria can be dem- 

 onstrated in the blood of fresh carcasses, either by a micro- 

 scopical examination or by cultivation, although the fresh 

 blo.od, as well as the filtrate through porcelain is virulent, but 

 only for chickens; whereas the virus of cholera which can be 

 shown microscopically and also by cultivation, is also patho- 

 genic for other species of fowls, especially pigeons, and like- 

 wise for rodents. 



Treatment and Prevention. The treatment of affected ani- 

 mals has thus far proven ineffective. 



In the prevention of the disease the same measures are 

 indicated as were given for fowl cholera (see p. 94), only 

 that in chicken pest the chickens should be especially protected 

 against the infection. Germany, Austria and Hungary have 

 recently adopted official measures against the disease, which in 

 their nature are similar to those established against cholera. 



According to Maggiora & Valenti serum of recovered geese which 

 were subsequently treated with virulent blood, is supposed to protect 

 chickens effectively against the disease, and is also said to possess 

 a curative action. According to Ostertag & Bugge the blood of chickens 

 which were treated in a similar manner only renders the virus ineffective 

 when given in large doses (10 cc). According to Kraus & Sehiffmann, 

 dried (at 22°) spinal cords from geese which were inoculated intra- 

 muscularly, protected young geese against a similar infection; on the 

 other hand geese may be actively immunized with virulent spinal cords 

 from chickens against a fatal subdural infection. 



Literature. For literature see Freese, D. t. W., 1908, 173. — Also Mane, Arb. 

 d. G.-A., 1904, XXI, 537.— Eosenthal, Cbl. f. Bakt., 1905, XL, 204.— Landsteiner, 

 Cbl. f. Bakt. Eef., 1906, XXXVTTI, 540.— Kraus & Scliifemann, Ibid., 1907, XLIII, 

 825.— Schifemann, Ibid., 1907, XLV, 393.— Prowayek, M. m. W., 1908, 165, and 

 1016.— Kraus & Doerr, Cbl. f. Bakt., 1908, XLVI, 709.— Marchoux, C. E., 1908, 

 CXLVII, 357. 



