318 Sheep Pox. 



and 63 lambs in 40 infected herds in the Department Herault, in the years 1903-1909 ; 

 of these 10 became infected subsequently, two of which died, whereas in 137 

 animals which were not given the treatment the mortality amounted to 38.7%. 



Bose found that the serum, as well as the defibrinated blood of lambs severely 

 affected with pox (hyper-infected) possessed immunizing properties, inasmuch as 

 20 cc. injected into healthy lambs protected them against virulent infection. Lambs, 

 and also donkeys, which have been treated repeatedly with such serum and pox 

 lymph, produce a still more potent serum, which may confer total immunity, or 

 only prevent the generalized pox eruption. 



Simultaneous Immunization (Sero-clavelisation). For producing 

 a lasting immunity Borrel recommends the simultaneous inoculation 

 with his immune serum (5-15 cc. injected subcutaneously in the rump) 

 and virulent lymph (0.05 cc. in the ear). In Aries over 10,000 sheep 

 were treated by this method, and none of the animals became affected 

 with pox, and from subsequent complications only 0.2% died. Good 

 results were also obtained by this method by Bridre in Tunis, and by 

 Conte in Prance. 



Poenaru vaccinated 262 sheep with threads saturated in a mixture of immune 

 eerum and lymph, the thread was introduced under the skin, whereupon in 164 

 animals only a nodule developed at the point of inoculation, in 94 a small postule, 

 and in only one instance had several postules appeared. 



Veterinary Police. Outside of the measures for compul- 

 sory reporting of the outbreaks, the quarantine of the premises 

 or townships, and the harmless disposition of the carcasses, 

 a compulsory immunization of the healthy animals in an affected 

 herd appears indicated. In case the disease is disseminated 

 more extensively, or if infection threatens, vaccination may 

 also be applied to the flocks that are in danger. The vaccination 

 may be omitted if the sheep which are not affected are slaugh- 

 tered within a short time. Vaccinated sheep should be subject 

 to the same police measures as animals affected with the natural 

 disease, and be quarantined for the duration of the affection. 

 The raising of the quarantine from infected premises should be 

 preceded by a period of observation of at least 45 days. The 

 pelts of sheep affected with pox may be considered non-infec- 

 tious after complete drying, the meat however, if its condition 

 permits its passing for food, is to be considered non-infectious 

 even in a fresh state. 



Literature. Chauveau, J. v6t., 1868, 548.— Gerlach, Ger. Tk., 1872, 65 (Lit.).— 

 Nocard, Eec. 1888, 272; Bull., 1898, 43 and 331; 1899, 263; 1900, 21.— Peuch, 

 C. E., 1888, CVII, 425.— SouM, Eev. v^t., 1896, 421.— Borrel, Soc. biol., 1902, 59; 

 A. P., 1903, XVI, 123.— Bose, Cbl. f. Bakt., 1903, XXXIV, 413; Eev. ggn., 1904, 

 IV, 273.— Poenaru, Arhiva vet., 1904, 339.— Joest, Z. f. Infkr., 1906. I, 221 (Lit. 

 on the last pox invasion in Germany). — ^Borrel & Konew, Cbl. f. Bakt., 1907. — 

 Foth, Diss. Leipzig, 1907. — Conte, Eev. v6t., 1910, 65. 



(b) Cow Pox. Variola vaccina. 



{Kuhpocken [German]; Vaccinia [French]; Vajulo vdccino 



[Italian] . ) 



Occurrence. Cow pox, the relation of which with human 

 pox has already been recognized by Jenner (1796), occurs 

 usually only sporadically, or as an enzootic confined to indi- 

 vidual herds. In most cases it may be attributed to an infection 

 of true pox, or vaccination-pox of man. 



