326 Swine Pox. 



seven counties of that territory), and recently it was also re- 

 ported from Eonmania (Poenarn). 



Etiology. The susceptibility of hogs for the pox virus was 

 established experimentally a long time ago. Chauveau suc- 

 ceeded in several cases in transmitting cow pox to hogs, G-er- 

 lach swine pox to goats, Koch the same to calves. Szanto placed 

 two pigs affected in the pustular stage of the disease among 

 7 to 8 weeks old, healthy pigs, whereupon six developed typical 

 pox after an incubation of four days, and the disease was fur- 

 ther transmitted to healthy pigs by cutaneous inoculation. An 

 inoculation of lambs always resulted in a local, flat swelling, as 

 well as an acute conjunctivitis and nasal catarrh. Poenaru also 

 succeeded in producing the disease in pigs with blood and with 

 contents of pustules, in one instance in the generalized form 

 with a fatal termination. 



Originally the disease develops in pigs through infection 

 from cattle, from man and probably also with material origi- 

 nating from goats. In the infected piggeries the disease may 

 easily spread to a great extent, and may also be disseminated 

 to other herds. 



Szant6 observed 64 out of 74 pigs affected with the disease, of which 3 

 succumbed, while Lovy recorded a loss of 18% in a herd of 155 pigs. Laquerriere 

 observed swine pox as a severe plague with usually a fatal termination as early as 

 in 1864 in Algeria. Old hogs became severely affected in this outbreak. 



Symptoms. According to the descriptions (Spinola, Szanto) 

 the disease as a rule affects young pigs, and is usually mani- 

 fested in an exanthema affecting a large part of the body. Sev- 

 eral days after infection the animals show symptoms of a gen- 

 eral disturbance, such as fever (41.5-41.8° C), weakness, 

 loss of appetite, sluggish movement, stiff gait, straightened 

 tail, chills, bristles standing up and greasy, on account of the 

 marked evaporation from the skin. In the early stages ca- 

 tarrhal symptoms, especially conjunctivitis, are often observed. 

 Soon small- red spots appear in places only slightly or not at 

 all covered by bristles, as on the snout, eyelids and inner sur- 

 face of the thighs, the abdomen, less frequently on the neck and 

 on the back. These grow rapidly to sizes like a ten cent piece, 

 in the center of which hard nodules develop. After 2 to 3 days 

 pea-sized vesicles develop, which at first contain pure lymph, 

 later pus. They dry to dark brown scabs, and fall off after 

 several days. The number of vesicles varies greatly, and the 

 intensity of the pr9dromal symptoms, also the course of the 

 disease is not uniform. In severe cases the vesicles coalesce, 

 their contents become bloody, eruptions appearing also on the 

 mucous membrane of the mouth, pharynx, in the trachea and in 

 the bronchi. In the meantime diarrhea sets in, whereupon the 

 disease terminates in death from exhaustion, broncho-pneu- 

 monia, or from a general infection. (Lovy also found on the 



