328 Croat Pox. 



a rule almost every animal becomes affected (sheep kept to- 

 gether with goats usually escape the infection, or become only 

 very slightly ill, Garbuti & Reali). The disease shows no ten- 

 dency to spread over large territories, but is mostly confined 

 to single flocks. 



Symptoms. The clinical appearance closely resembles that 

 of sheep pox. In association with moderate, febrile and ca- 

 tarrhal symptoms, various sized partly coalescent vesicles, con- 

 taining a depression on top, develop on various parts of the 

 body, especially however on the udder, on the inner surface 

 of the extremities, on the face, in the parts surrounding the 

 lips and eyes. They form scabs in the usual manner, and heal 

 with radiating scars. In some cases abscesses develop in the 

 tissue of the udder, when the milk may become bloody. In some 

 animals, especially in kids, pox also develop in the mouth and 

 on the mucous membrane of the upper air passages, their ap- 

 pearance being manifested by cough, accelerated respiration, 

 and purulent nasal discharge. 



The course of the disease is usually favorable ; although the 

 skin may become gangrenous at the places where the vesicles 

 coalesced, the recovery is however only retarded thereby, not 

 prevented. Cases in which the disease develops with severe 

 symptoms from the onset, and in which a general infection 

 causes death, are very rare (such severe outbreaks were ob- 

 served in Algeria). 



Diagnosis. The disease can only be confused with foot- 

 and-mouth disease, as the pox vesicles in goats may sometimes 

 attain a size up to that of a hazelnut (Conte) ; the character- 

 istic appearance of the pox exanthema, and the absence of 

 lesions on the feet, together with the non-transmissibility of the 

 disease to other cloven-footed animals, will prevent errors in 

 diagnosis. 



Treatment and Prevention. The indications which hold for 

 the treatment and prevention of sheep pox apply also to this 

 disease. 



Literature. Hertwig, Mag., 1840, 339.— Boeek, D. Z. f. Tm., 1879, IX, 298.— 

 Hansen, Eef. Eep., 1890, 135. — Bonvicini, II nuovo Brcolani, 1898, 216. — ^Maroone, 

 La Eif. vet., 1900, 387.— Garbuti & Eeali, Clin, vet., 1905, 234.— Voigt, A. f. Tk., 

 1909, XXXV, 204. 



2. Foot-and-Mouth Disease. Aphthae epizooticae. 



{Maul- wid Klauenseuche [German] ; Pievre aphtheuse, Cocotte 

 [French]; Febbre aftosa [Italian].) 



Foot-and-mouth disease is an acute, febrile, contagious, 

 infectious disease of cloven-footed animals, in the course of 

 which a vesicular exanthema develops on the mucous mem- 

 branes, and the skin, especially in the mouth and interdigital 

 spaces. The causative factor is an ultra-microscopical micro- 

 organism. 



