336 r'oot-ancl-Mouth Disease. 



the mucous membrane of the abomasum, and of the intestines, 

 is found to be dark red, covered by numerous hemorrhages, 

 while in the rumen, especially in the vicinity of the folds, also 

 in the leaves of the third stomach, and in the intestinal tract, 

 and sometimes in the pharynx, erosions and ulcerations, some- 

 times of the size of a silver dollar, may be observed. The 

 parenchymatous organs show fatty degeneration, which change 

 is sometimes so pronounced in the musctes of the heart that its 

 cut surface appears mottled, because of the yellow spotting 

 (Johne, Nocard; according to Trattner there is also hyaline 

 degeneration in the affected parts). The spleen is moderately 

 swollen, dark red and softened. Hemorrhages may also be 

 found on the mucous membrane of the respiratory organs, and 

 in the serous membranes. Finally in some cases the inter- 

 lobular and subpleural connective tissue of the lungs may show 

 an edematous infiltration, and the contents of the ventricles of 

 the brain may be increased and cloudy (Willach). 



Symptoms. After an intravenous injection of the virus, 

 the time of incubation in cattle varies from six hours to six 

 days (Loffler & Frosch) ; after inoculation into the buccal mucous 

 membrane it is from 48 to 60 hours (Schiitz) ; after natural 

 infection the time is between 2 and 7 days, exceptionally even 

 11 days (Siedamgrotzky, Born). Data regarding a longer 

 period of incubation (according to Schrader, Lies and Mobius 

 14, according to Isepponi even 21 days) are doubtful. 



Without considering the manner ahd method of the infec- 

 tion as well as the- place of the eruption of the vesicles, the 

 disease commences with fever, which is quite evident in young, 

 strong animals, while in older animals it may sometimes be so 

 moderate that it is not observed at all. The body temperature 

 in the first 1 or 2 days may reach 40-41°, but as soon as the' 

 vesicles develop, possibly in from 6 to 24 hours, it rapidly 

 drops, and the later course of the disease runs without fever, 

 with the exception of those cases in which inflammatory compli- 

 cations resulting from a subsequent septic infection become 

 associated with the original disease. The rise in temperature 

 is usually accompanied by a somewhat accelerated pulse, and 

 diminished appetite. 



The other symptoms vary in accordance with the localiza- 

 tion of the affect jon. 



The affection of the mouth is most frequently observed in 

 cattle, while in sheep, goats and in hogs it occurs with consid- 

 erable less frequency. At the onset of the disease a diminished 

 appetite and retarded rumination is observed. The animals 

 chew their food very slowly and carefully, on account of the 

 sensitiveness of the buccal mucous membrane, and also^ swallow 

 the bolus slowly. In the periods between feeding times they 

 keep the mouth closed, and only open it now and then with a 



