Course, Diagnosis. 345 



weighing only from 10-15 kg. In 16 townships of the affected district in Hungary 

 a year previously 9,087 cattle were affected with foot-and-mouth disease, of which 

 300-400 manifested the above disturbances in respiration. A similar affection sequel 

 to foot-and-mouth disease was observed by Laszlo, also in Hungary, in connection 

 with the very severe outbreak in which out of 2,500 cattle of a township, 86 (about 

 20% of the animals being over 5 years of age) died suddenly from paralysis 

 of the heart, usually while in the stage of recovery. In the other animals the 

 symptoms greatly diminished during the cold winter weather; complete recovery 

 however was not observed in any of the cases. 



Diagnosis. While in typical cases the disease may be 

 easily recognized, or at least suspected, in the stage of the 

 vesicular development, especially when several animals are 

 affected at the same time, the correct recognition of sporadic 

 cases, especially during the beginning or towards the end of 

 the outbreak, frequently causes considerable difficulty. 



In the peracute and fatal course the suspicion of hemor- 

 rhagic septicemia, anthrax, and the oriental rinderpest may be 

 awakened, but these may be excluded by the autopsy findings. 



With the infectious mouth disease there may be mistaken : 

 Traumatic injuries in the mouth, which occur most frequently 

 on the inner surface of the lips; in these cases however the 

 losses of substance are sharply defined, frequently straight, and 

 penetrate to considerable depth. The vesicular stomatitis 

 (incorrectly also named as aphthous stomatitis) in cattle, in 

 which the mucous membrane, especially on the gums, or on 

 the toothless portion of the upper jaw, discloses small vesicles 

 and later thin pseudo-membranous deposits form in their place ; 

 the development of this exanthema is however not associated 

 with fever, nor is the affection infectious. The ulcerative 

 stomatitis of hogs, in which however the gums become affected 

 only in the vicinity of the teeth, and no vesicles develop (similar 

 is the mercurial stomatitis). In aphthous stomatitis of calves 

 and lambs, the vesicles usually appear only on the skin of the 

 lips, while in the different parts of the mouth white, or yellow- 

 ish membranous deposits develop on the mucous membrane 

 without a previous vesicular formation. In cattle the actinomy- 

 cotic ulcerations on the back of the tongue may also come into 

 consideration. These however are always located immediately 

 in front of the transverse groove on the dorsum of the tongue, 

 and also extend to the papilla fungiformes, whereas in foot- 

 and-mouth disease these remain intact even in the places of 

 vesicles or erosions (Leutsch). The stomatitis which is some- 

 times observed after feeding musty, moldy food, may be dis- 

 tinguished from foot-and-mouth disease by the absence of vesi- 

 cles, and by the diffuse inflammation of the mucous membrane. 



Concerning affections of the mucous membrane of the mouth, which were 

 recently described under various names, for instance pseudo-mouth disease, and 

 which may come into consideration from the standpoint of differential diagnosis, 

 see Chap. "Aphthous Stomatitis" in Vol. 2. 



The affections which may be mistaken for hoof disease, are 

 to be distinguished in general, in that the affections on the lower 



