Imnjunization, .Veterinary Police. 353 



The possibility of passive immunization of cattle with highly potent 

 serum has also been established experimentally by Noeard, Roux, Carre 

 & Vallee, and Noeard recommended it also for the treatment of affected 

 animals, as he found that 20 to 40 cc. of the serum reduced the con- 

 valescent period, and that in severe outbreaks with a mortality of 

 10 to 20%, it prevented fatal complications. 



The utilization of immune serum as an aid to other measures of 

 eradication and prevention has been warmly recommended by Loffler, 

 also by Leclainehe and Lourens. 



Veterinary Police. Owing to the severe losses which agri- 

 culture sustains from the foot-and-mouth disease its compulsory 

 notification has been inaugurated everywhere, and various spe- 

 cial measures have been adopted for its eradication. The special 

 regulations aim to prevent the further spread of the disease, 

 especially by the immediate isolation or destruction of the 

 affected animals, and consist especially in the application of 

 strict farm and township quarantine. Strict measures are also 

 justified in the supervision of cattle markets (prohibition of 

 such markets in the infected towns and their vicinity), the 

 transportation and driving of cattle, as well as the control of 

 trading by dealers. The utilization of the meat of affected 

 animals for consumption should depend on the decision of the 

 veterinarian, the skins should be disinfected before they are 

 worked up, milk from the affected dairies or cow stables should 

 be permitted on the market only after boiling or after being 

 subjected to at least 85° of heat. Artificial infection of animals 

 which are directly threatened by the disease should be made 

 dependent on official approval. The lifting of the farm or town 

 quarantine appears permissible at the earliest two weeks after 

 the recovery of all affected animals, or after the last death. 



Proper disinfection is of great importance in the control of the disease. It 

 is advisable to undertake this immediately after the appearance of the first cases, 

 likewise it should be repeated every, week, until after the subsiding of the disease. 

 After thorough cleaning of all parts of the stables the disinfection could be made 

 with a 2%.hot soda or lye solution; besides it is advisable to paint the wooden 

 parts with tar, and the walls with fresh milk of -lime, and if possible the feet of 

 the animals should also be cleansed (with lysol soap, etc). 



It is advisable to cover the manure of cows and hogs with horse manure. It 

 should be left in the manure pit for eight days, and should only then be taken 

 to the field where it is to be plowed under with horse teams. The virus is destroyed 

 by the heat which develops inside of the manure pile, as according to Hecker's in- 

 vestigations the temperature in the inner part of the manure pile, at a depth of 

 30-40 cm. rises to 70 deg., in a greater depth to 48 deg., and remains for several 

 days at this height. 



If the disease appears in regions which were previously 

 free from the infection, immediate slaughter of the infected 

 herds is indicated as the most effective and also as the most 

 practical measure. This may be greatly supplemented by the 

 serum treatment of neighboring herds (see above). 



With the immediate slaughter of the infected herds the eradication of several 

 local outbreaks was successfully accomplished in recent times in England, and the 

 spread of the infection in the United States in 1902-3 was also prevented, when in 

 Vol. 1—23 



