398 Contagious Pleuro-pneumonia. 



and up to a certain height, a partly or entirely dull sound, which 

 is limited above by a horizontal or slightly convex line. During 

 percussion, as well as on pressure of the intercostal spaces the 

 animals manifest severe pain, and attempt to avoid the pres- 

 sure. Auscultation at first shows a weakened, vesicular breath- 

 ing and some crepitation in the anterior and lower portions 

 (Trinchera) ; later in the region of the partially or entirely dull 

 area no vesicular breathing or bronchial breathing may be 

 heard, but this is usually perceptible around the borders of the 

 affected area, while near the spinal column and, if the affection 

 is confined to only one lung, over that entire side the vesicular 

 breathing is increased, and frequently associated with moist 

 rales. In severe cases expiration is accompanied by grunting, 

 which covers up the respiratory sounds. The heart sounds are 

 either clear and strong, or can be heard only slightly on both 

 sides (in case^ of serous pleural exudate). Friction sounds may 

 sometimes be heard in the early stages of the disease, over areas 

 in which the dullness has not yet completely developed. 



With the progression of the lung affection the skin loses 

 its elasticity, the hair its smoothness and luster. The appetite 

 becomes worse and worse, the patients rest frequently in the 

 pasture, and separate themselves from the healthy animals. 

 Eumination is also delayed and sometimes entirely absent. 

 Later the patients fail to take any food, they pull away from the 

 crib, or remain apathetically in one place in the pasture. At tho 

 same time rumination ceases, and instead they occasionally 

 eructate. The animals enjoy taking water, especially if it is 

 pure and fresh. Peristalsis is diminished, the flanks are sunken 

 in, constipation alternates with diarrhea, so that the animals 

 pass either dry, solid and dark brown, or fluid and fetid feces, 

 usually with -straining. 



Urine is passed at long intervals and very sparingly. It 

 is dark yellow in color and acid in reaction, the specific gravity 

 is as high as 1.022-1.036, the amount of phosphoric acid is con- 

 siderably increased, up to 0.30%, while chlorin can only be 

 demonstrated in certain localities (Bugarszky). 



The milk production, as already mentioned, diminishes even 

 in the earlier stages of the disease, and in the later course good 

 milking cows give hardly 1 to 2 deciliter of milk which contains 

 a considerably reduced quantity of fat and sugar, while the 

 casein and albumen are increased. 



The body temperature rises in the further course of the 

 disease up to 41° to 42°, and the fever curve corresponds to a 

 ' ' f ebris continua. ' ' The body heat is distributed unevenly over 

 the surface of the body, the ears and horns feel sometimes warm, 

 at other times cold, the extremities are cold. The muzzle is 

 dry and warm, later its surface is chapped and covered with 

 dried nasal secretion. The heart beat is correspondingly in- 

 creased during the height of the fever (80-100-120 beats per 

 minute), in the later course it is throbbing, the pulse is weak. 



