412 Malignant Catarrhal Fever of Cattle. 



ened, the skin tight and dry. The animals manifest at the 

 same time great debility, and dullness of the sensorium, they 

 stand with staring look and drooped head or support the head 

 on the crib, or they lie down much of the time with extended 

 neck. If urged to rise they stand up only with difficulty, stagger 

 on their legs, and arch their backs. Some patients grind their 

 teeth from time to time, bellow, stand in the manger, and even 

 attack objects standing before them. In the meantime trembling 

 is observed in some of the groups of muscles, especially on 

 the neck, shoulders and abdomen, which, under the influence of 

 outside irritation, for instance sunlight, may extend to all 

 muscles and even increase to epileptic convulsions (Anker). 

 The animals show great thirst, while appetite and rumination 

 are suppressed. The milk secretion diminishes and constipa- 

 tion is present. Exceptionally the disease may commence with- 

 out fever or conspicuous dullness, but the manifestations are 

 indicated in digestive disturbances and salivation (Balog). 



On the first, and not later than on the second day of the 

 disease inflammation of the conjunctiva, as well as of the nasal 

 and buccal mucous membranes develops. 



The eyelids swell and are continuously kept closed on ac- 

 count of photophobia, at the same time tears run profusely over 

 the cheek from the inner canthus of the eye. After 18 to 24 

 hours the cornea commences to show a smoky cloudiness, which 

 starts at the periphery, and the entire surface gradually be- 

 comes opaque. In the meantime in some of the cases a serous 

 exudate is eliminated from the inflamed areas and the ciliary 

 body, which fills the anterior chamber of the eye, either partly 

 or entirely giving the still transparent cornea a yellowish hue. 

 Exceptionally the cornea remains transparent in spite of the 

 internal inflammation of the eye (Bugnion, Dieckerhoff, 

 Isepponi). At the same time a purulent secretion accumulates 

 under the eyelids, the vessels of the sclera are extended, and 

 a fine wreath of vessels may appear on the border of the cornea. 



A nasal discharge becomes noticeable; the secretion is at 

 first mucoid, yellowish, but soon becomes purulent, fetid, and 

 mixed with fibrinous shreds, occasionally also with blood, and 

 dries on the nostrils into brown crusts so that it chaps the 

 skin. The nasal mucous membrane is highly reddened and 

 covered with dirty gray, loose pseudo-membranes which are 

 easily detachable leaving an ulcerated surface. 



The inflammatory process always extends from the nose 

 to the neighboring Highmore's and frontal sinuses, which is 

 evident by the conspicuous dullness, as well as by the increased 

 heat and swelling of the corresponding parts. Sometimes it ex- 

 tends from the wall of the frontal sinuses to the bony wall of 

 the matrix of the horns and in consequence the horns loosen 

 from their cores, and drop off either spontaneously, or as the 

 result of a blow. 



Eespiration becomes snuffled as a result of the swelling of 



