416 Malignant Catarrhal Fever of Cattle. 



sinuses or in the cavities of tlie bony extensions of the horns, 

 this may be removed artificially by trephining, or if this does 

 not produce results, if necessary one or both horns may be 

 sawed off, whereupon the cavities should be washed 2 to 3 

 times daily as long as they contain the discharge. The exudate 

 accumulating in the maxillary sinuses usually discharges 

 through the natural channels from the nose. 



If the apathy is very pronounced alcoholic rubs, and the 

 addition of coffee or alcohol to the drinking water are indicated. 

 Very high fever is subdued by antipyretics. 



The constipation which exists at first, and later the diar- 

 rhea, are treated in the usual manner (see vol. II, Acute Intes- 

 tinal Catarrh). Suitable feeding during the disease, as well 

 as during convalescence must be especially provided for. 



The derivative treatment, which is still greatly in favor with 

 French veterinarians, and which consists in the application of counter 

 irritants to the frontal part of the head and the ueck, is hardly ever 

 used elsewhere. Eggeling and Esser obtained good results in some 

 cases from intratracheal injections of Lugol's solution (15 to 20 g. 1 

 to 2 times daily), while Lotzer observed rapid recovery from the admin- 

 istration of large doses of iron sulphate. Tennebring, Meissner, Peter, 

 Werner and others recommend the colloid-silver preparations (CoUargol, 

 Protargol; 40 to 50 g. twice daily intravenously, of a % to 1% solution, 

 for 2 to 3 days) ; in severe cases however even this treatment fails, 

 or produces at best only a temporary fall in temperature (Schloss- 

 leitner, Hohmann, Burgics). Perigaud obtained good results from sub- 

 cutaneous injections of a 0.75% salt solution (7 recovered out of 11 

 cases), and this procedure is also recommended by Moussu, as well as 

 recently by Schlotte; of the luke-warm solution 4 to 6 liters must be 

 injected daily subcutaneously until improvement is noticed, and later 1 

 liter for several days. Isepponi recommends profuse bleeding at the 

 onset of the disease; if no improvement is noticed after 24 hours the 

 animal should be slaughtered as incurable. 



As the convalescence lasts for weeks, even in the favorable 

 course, and not infrequently blindness results, it is advisable 

 from an economic standpoint at the appearance of severe symp- 

 toms, to slaughter animals of little value rather than to pursue 

 Ihe unpromising treatment. (Ingestion of the meat is not 

 harmful for man according to investigations of Esser.) 



Prevention. According to our present knowledge of the 

 etiology of the disease, cleanliness and satisfactory ventilation 

 of the stables, as well as feeding good, unspoiled food, should 

 receive first consideration. 



Literature.— Anker, Schw. A., 1832, VI, 81.— Bugnion, D. Z. f. Tm., 1877, III, 

 63 (Lit.). — Semraer, Ibid., 1885, XI, 77. — Franck, Ibid., 137. — Brusasco, II, med. vet., 

 1S86, 145.— Lucet, Eec, 1892, 481.— Kramarew, A. f. Vm., 1893, I, 53.— Pascola, 

 B. t. W., 1893, 562.— Paszotta, Ta. bl. f. Niederl. Indien, 1894, VIII, 16.— Theiler, 

 Schw. A., 1895, XXXVII, 1.— Keleti, Vet., 1895, 167.— Nagy, Ibid., 231.— Mehrdorf 

 ft Peschke, A. f. Tk., 1897, XXIII, 194.— Leclainche, Eev. v6t., 1898, 69.— P6ricand, 

 Bull., 1902, 388.— Isepponi, Schw. A., 1904, XLVI, 1.— Lichtenheld, Z. f. Infkr., 

 1910, VII, 290. 



