Pharyngeal Diphtheria. 423 



1 to 2 times daily with a paste consisting of water and salicylic 

 acid (Dammann), Lugol solution (Dieckerhoff), tincture of 

 lodme, 10% citric acid (Poels), or with a 5% solution of per- 

 manganate of potash. Besides it is advisable to wash the mouth 

 repeatedly with lukewarm water. Salicylic acid (1-2 g.) or 

 potassium chlorate (2 g.) may be administered internally. At 

 the same time the attempt should be made to keep the animals 

 in good strength by supplying them with nutritious- food 

 (milk, eggs). 



Careful ventilation and disinfection of the stables is in- 

 dicated for the prevention of the spread of the disease. 



Literature. Dammann, D. Z f. Tm., 1877, III, 1.— Blazekovie, Eec, 1878, 64. 

 — VoUers, W. f. Tk., 1879, 432.— Loeffler, Mitt. d. G.-A., 1884, III, 401.— Bang, 

 Maanedsskr., 1890, II; 1892, IV.— Jensen, Hb. d. p. M., 1903, II, 693.— Beeeline, 

 Pr. Mt., 1903, II, 17.— L. Eoux, Cbl. f. Bakt., 1905, XXXIX, 531. 



Pharyngeal Diphtheria of Other Mammals. As the bacillus necro- 

 phorus has been demonstrated in the diphtheritic processes of various 

 species of animals, it appears probable that a diphtheria analogous 

 to the affection in calves may also occur in other animals as an inde- 

 pendent affection. In the cases however which have been observed the 

 bacillus necrophorus as a rule attacked the buccal mucous membranes 

 only after the animals had become sick from other causes. 



Mayr observed a diphtheritic inflammation of the pharynx in three 

 head of cattle, while Strebel observed it in five head. The symptoms 

 consisted in salivation, dyspnea, difficulty in swallowing, nasal dis- 

 charge, sensitiveness and swelling of the throat region. The autopsy 

 revealed diphtheritic deposits, and ulcerations on the palate, in the 

 pharynx and larynx, as well as along the esophagus. In some cases ulcers 

 were found on the muzzle and in the interdigital space, with necrotic 

 deposits as large as a quarter on the mucous membrane which was 

 without papillae, in the pillars of the rumen, membranous inflammation 

 of the small intestines, etc. In these cases the disease had probably 

 developed as a complication to a septicemic infection, which is appar- 

 ently also the case in the affection of horses (Cobbett, Pr. Mil.-Vb.) 

 occurring as a diphtheritic process in the mouth, in which case it is 

 probably a complication of an influenza infection. 



Eoche-Lubine observed a disease among lambs which was manifested 

 in difficult tespiration, salivation, laryngeal and bronchial catarrh. The 

 autopsy revealed extensive pseudo-membranes on the mucous membrane 

 of the upper air passages. Diem reports a similar affection which 

 occurred as a local enzootic, while Hasenkamp observed an outbreak of 

 panaritium of sheep caused by the bacillus necrophorus, in the course 

 of which diphtheritic processes developed on the mucous membrane of 

 the pharynx and mouth, in some of the animals. 



In hogs the so called angina represents a frequent symptom of 

 hog cholera, in which the flat deposits on the mucous membrane of the 

 pharynx and larynx contain the bacillus necrophorus, together with 

 the bacillus suipestifer. This is likewise the case in the inflammations 

 of the pharynx, which are frequently observed as a symptom of swine 

 plague, especially on premises where hemorrhagic septicemia exists 

 among cattle. 



According to Johne and Kitt the pharyngeal diphtheria may also 

 occur among hogs as an independent disease. In such cases the crypts 



