426 Avian Diphtheria and Chicken Pox. 



five weeks, and one per cent carbolic acid solution for half an hour also failed to 

 destroy it. Portions of the nodules preserved in glycerin for several weeks still 

 produced the typical disease (Marx and Sticker). The virus further resists the 

 effect of 10% atoxyl and 1% saponin solutions, as well as a 10% solution of 

 sodium tauroeholate (Lipschiitz). When the tumor masses are finely pulverized it is 

 killed at 60°G. in 8 minutes (Burnet), by 1% potassium hydrate solution, 1% acetic 

 acid or 1:1,000 corrosive sublimate in 5 minutes (Sanfelice). 



Culture. Bordet reported successful cultivations from diphtheria 

 material on his blood-glycerin-potatoragar, minute colonies developing 

 on the surface, composed of granules staining by Giemsa's method 

 and having a dimension of barely 0.2 /*. With such cultures he 

 succeeded in producing diphtheritic membranes on the oral mucosa 

 of chickens, but not epithelioma on the skin. Similar attempts at culture 

 by Lipschiitz and by Uhlenhuth & Manteufel with pox material gave 

 no positive results. 



Pathogenicity. When finely pulverized epithelial nodes are 

 rubbed into the skin of the comb, wattles or eyelids of chickens 

 there occur after 5 or 6 days swelling and pallor of the affected 

 parts of the skin, and on the following day a nodule as large 

 as a millet seed appears on its surface. After three or four 

 more days hemorrhages suddenly appear over the affected re- 

 gion; later the blood dries forming thick scabs, beneath which 

 the papillae enlarge considerably and become covered with a 

 turbid, gray exudate. Beneath this bloody scab healing takes 

 place after a shorter or longer period of time; but when the 

 diseased portions are exposed to traumatic influences (rubbing, 

 scratching) there develop extensive papillary proliferations 

 which delay healing. The result from inoculation of the filtrate 

 is similar, only the incubation period is from 8 to 10 days on 

 account of the dilution or attenuation of the infectious sub- 

 stance (Marx & Sticker). Juliusberg, who demonstrated the 

 filterability of the infectious virus of pigeon pox, observed an 

 incubation period of 14 days after inoculation of the filtrate 

 into pigeons. 



When pox material is rubbed into the scarified oral mucosa 

 or injected into the submucosa, there either arises a local re- 

 action in the form of a light yellow membrane, or there develops 

 a characteristic croupous-diphtheritic inflammation, which may 

 extend from the oral mucosa to the nasal cavities and their 

 sinuses (Loewenthal, Schmid, Uhlenhuth & Manteufel). Con- 

 junctival inoculation produces a diphtheritic conjunctival in- 

 flammation, which eventually causes a panophthalmia. 



The results are similar when diphtheria material is em- 

 ployed for inoculation on the skin and mucous membrane only 

 here negative results are more common than after inoculation 

 with pox material (Schmid, Uhlenhuth & Manteufel). 



Loewenthal and Burnet produced pox on the skin by in- 

 travenous injection of pox material. Uhlenhuth & Manteufel 

 used intravenous injections of pox and diphtheria material and 

 produced severe diphtheritic symptoms on the mucosa of the 

 mouth and on the conjunctivae. 



