454 



Tetanus. 



reflex irritability is less marked than in the horse. Dreymann 

 and Shadow each observed a case with marked upward curve 

 of the vertebral column (emprosthotonus) ; Balog observed 

 marked orthotonus. In cows a suppurative inflammation of 

 the uterus occurs frequently, which serves as the basic point 

 of the disease. 



In sheep and in goats opisthotonus usually occurs; it is 

 pronounced when the animals are standing, but more so after 

 they have fallen to the ground. Moderate bloating is also 

 noted frequently. 



The lockjaw of lambs (tetanus agnorum) which occurs as 

 a rule from a navel infection and is not infrequently observed 

 as a stable enzootic, begins with lassitude and sluggish indis- 

 position. Later movement becomes stiff and finally impossible; 

 the animals hold the head to one side or backwards, curve the 

 back upwards, suckle with difficulty or are unable to do so, and 



Mg. 72. Tetanus. Generalized muscular spasms in a dog. 



finally die with symptoms of suffocation. The disease is often 

 associated with an acute intestinal inflammation with profuse 

 diarrhea. 



In hogs, which usually are affected with generalized tetanus, 

 trismus attains a marked degree (Jakab observed the disease 

 in this form among 16 pigs of one drove) ; upward or downward 

 curvature of the vertebral column also occurs frequently. 



Tetanus is not common in dogs — is usually localized and 

 manifests itself especially in young dogs by transitory trismus. 

 In severe cases one is struck by the characteristic facial distor- 

 tion, the forehead being wrinkled in a sagittal direction, by 

 the rigid erect position and approximation of the ears, the 

 external strabismus of the eyes and the grinding of the teeth 

 as well as the rigidly spread extremities ; the vertebral column 

 is straight or curved downwards (Fig. 72). 



