Serum Therapy. 463 



been treated under similar conditions subcntaneously only two remained alive. 

 Villar treated two horses successfully in this manner (3-8 cc. of serum were injected 

 into the brain substance through an opening in the frontal bone). Sendrail and 

 Gullie on the other hand saw the fatal termination in two cases hastened, while 

 with the injection of serum into the vertebral canal they obtained a more satisfactory 

 result (30 cc. injected through the lumbo-saeral articulation on two consecutive days). 

 , Kiister and Sawanura claim a special action from endoneural serum injections. 

 Tills method is recommended aa prophylactic, especially in those cases in which 

 muscular tissue has become injured, therapeutically in tetanus aseendens, while 

 not in tetanus deseendens; nevertheless subcutaneous and intravenous serum in- 

 jections should also be used. 



Hartenstein and Trelut obtain good results from the injection of blood serum 

 from a horse affected with tetanus; the authors however observed a pronounced 

 aggravation after transfusion of the blood of an immunized horse, while Pilz found 

 the blo.od serum of horses that had recovered from tetanus to be without any effect. 



Treatment with Brain Emulsion. After Wassermann found that a mixturs 

 of brain substance of rabbits and toxin in certain proportions is not poisonous) 

 and in consideration of Ehrlich's theory that the antitoxins are nothing more than 

 r,e.6!?.ptors thrown off from the ganglion cells, Fiebiger undertook curative experiments 

 at l^he Vienna clinic, under the direction of Schindelka with the injection of brain 

 substance. In the course of 15 months 20 horses affected with tetanus, but excluding 

 the very severe eases, each received subcutaneous injections of one lamb's brain 

 finely emulsified in physiological salt solution. Of these 20 horses eight (40%) 

 died. In most cases extensive and slowly healing abscesses developed at the point 

 of injection. Schuemacher also reports favorable results from, this treatment. 



Literature. Friedberger, D. Z. f. Tm., 1879, VI, 33 (Lit.); 1884, X, 27 

 (Lit.).— Carle ^ Eattone, Giorn. di Torino, 1884.— Nicolaier, D. m. W., 1S84, 842; 

 V. A., 1892, CXXVllI, 2.— Noeard, Eec, 1887, 617.— Kitasato, Z. f. Hyg., 1889, 

 VII, 225; 1892, XI, 256. — ^v. Behring, D. m. W., 1903, 617. — v. Behring & Kitasato, 

 D.'m. "W., 1890, 1113.— Kitt, Monh., 1890, I, 214 (Eeview) .— Tizzoni & Cattani, 

 Cbl. f. Bakt., 1891, IX, 189.— Vaillard & Vincent, A. E., 1891, 623.— v. Behring, 

 Das Tetanusheilserum, Leipzig, 1892.— Vaillard, A. P., 1892, 224.— Schiitz, Z. f. 

 Hyg 1892, XII, 58.— Eoux & Vaillard, A. P., 1893, 65. — Dreymann, Monh., 1894, 

 "V; 19.— Dieudonne, Eec, 1895, 279; 1896, 280; 1909, 433.— Eoux & Borrel, A. P., 

 1898, 225.— Fiebiger, Z. f. Tm., 1902, VI, 161.— Lingelsheim, Hb. d. p. M., 1903, 

 II, 567; 1904, IV, 983 (Lit.).— Vincent, A. P., 1904, XVIII, 450; Bull, de I'Acad., 

 1907, LVni, 233.— Hoffmann, Z. f. Vk., 1905, XVII, 118.— Tiberti, Cbl. f. Bakt., 

 1905, XXXVIII, 307 (Lit. on Tetanus Toxin). — Tarozzi, ibid., 1906, XL, 305. — 

 ^a,yI, B. t, W., 1907, 931.— Eomer, Z. f. Imm£, 1909, I, 863. 



2. Rabies. Lyssa. 



(Canine madness, hydrophobia; WuthranJcheit, Tollwut, {Ger- 

 man]; Rage [French]; Bahhia [Italian].) 



Rabies is an acute, contagious, and almost without excep- 

 tion, fatal infectious disease, the clinical picture of which is 

 characterized by disturbed consciousness, increased nerve irri- 

 tability and by subsequent symptoms of paralysis. The disease 

 is usually transmitted by the bite of an affected animal to 

 other animals as well as man. The infectious virus is a filterable 

 microorganism. 



Historical. The disease and its contagious nature, as well as the 

 danger connected with the bites of mad dogs, have been well known 

 since the time of Aristotle, but up to the most recent times, there 

 has been a certain belief in it^ spontaneous development. In fact, it 

 was supposed that hot feed, lack of drinking water, unsatisfied sexual 

 desire, and violent nervous excitement, might cause the disease. By 



