Rabies in Cattle. 481 



herd and even human beings, but particularly dogs which hap- 

 pen to be near. Animals tied in the stable attempt to get loose 

 from the, chains, jump up suddenly from their resting place, 

 shake the head, rise on the hind legs, bite at and climb into the 

 manger and run the head against the wall sometimes with 

 enough force to break the horns. Such outbreaks of rage are 

 interrupted by nearly normal pauses and are then repeated at 

 first every 20 to 30 minutes, but later at increasingly longer 

 intervals. 



The other symptoms are similar to those in other animals : 

 the increased reflex excitability, licking or biting the place 

 of the bite or its scar, hoarseness, sometimes rapid bellowing 

 which the animals may emit for hours without interruption, sali- 

 vation and foaming, gritting of the teeth, difficulty in swallow- 

 ing, loss of appetite, bloating (owing to the paralysis of the 

 intestinal muscles ? ) , cessation of rumination, constipation with 

 following diarrhea and tenesmus, drying up of the milk, convul- 

 sions in some groups of muscles (through spasmodic convulsions 

 of the muscles of the neck the head is sometimes turned to one 

 side), increased sexual desire, tenderness of the urethra on 

 pressure through the rectum (Bezaguet), sugar in the urine 

 (Nocard, Nicolas, and Eabieaux), rapid emaciation, exhaustion, 

 and extended paralysis, until finally the animal succumbs on the 

 3rd to 6th day of its illness. Similar symptoms have also been 

 observed in buffaloes (Esser). 



In other cases the symptoms of irritation are only slightly 

 marked or entirely absent, but there appear instead early weak- 

 ness of the hind extremities and marked downward curving of 

 the spine, accompanied by moderate bloating, difficulty in swal- 

 lowing, and constipation. In walking or in raising the head the 

 animals fall down readily, and then kick with their feet, they 

 breathe laboriously and discharge foamy saliva from the mouth ; 

 standing up they emit a painful bellowing, move stiffly, smell at 

 the hay and drinking water but consume nothing or let the 

 water rup. out again through the mouth or the nose, while they 

 make constant movements of mastication. The next day they 

 lie groaning on their chest or with the head resting on the 

 shoulder, while spasmodic convulsions appear in the diaphragm 

 and in other groups of muscles, and death follows mostly at the 

 end of the first week with symptoms of bulbar paralysis and 

 rapid lowering of the temperature. 



Nessl observed 9 cases of rabies in cattle which were conspicuous 

 by the fact that the initial symptom was vomiting while the typical 

 paralytic symptoms were absent. Heks saw in cows a tendency to 

 press against objects and to move around in a circle. 



Intermittent rabies was observed by Galtier in two dogs and by 

 Lignieres in one. Following the first attack there was a remarkable im- 

 provement, but after 36, 27 and 28 days respectively, a considerable 

 change for the worse occurred with fatal results. 



Vol. 1-31 



