Rabies in Human Beings. 495 



the head and face. The mortality figures computed according to these 

 points of infection on 36,891 vaccinated persons, amount to 0.32, 0.56 

 and 1.78% respectively. 



During the years 1886 to 1908, 31,759 persons were subjected to protective 

 vaccination at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, and after the completed treatment 

 129 persons, or 0.41%, died. The annual percentage, of mortality during the 

 above named period has been lowered from 0.94 to 0.19%. In Berlin 1,416 bitten 

 persons were subjected to protective vaccination during the years 1898 to 1902, 

 and of these 12 or 0.84% died afterwards of rabies, while among non-vaccinated 

 persons the percentage of mortality amounted to 14.8% (Doebert). At the Pasteur 

 Institute in Budapest 45,067 bitten persons were vaccinated during the years 1890 

 to 1909. Of these 181 or 0.4% died of rabies afterwards (last year only 0.19%), 

 while during the years 1890 to 1903, out of 1,861 bitten but non-vaccinated persons 

 266 or 14.29% later contracted the disease. During the years 1890 to 1895, 

 Pasteur's method was used, while subsequently that of Hogyes was employed. 



According to a compilation by Bernstein in 1905, 104,357 persons were 

 subjected to treatment in 40 Pasteur Institutes in all parts of the world, outside 

 of Australia. Of these 560 persons or 0.54% died more than 14 days after the 

 conclusion of the treatment while 0.19% died within 14 days, making the total 

 of deaths 0.73%. According to the location of the bite, whether it was inflicted 

 on the head or on the hands, the percentage of mortality was 1.99 and 0.36% 

 respectively. 



Iiiterature, S. Hogyes, Lyssa, Nothnagel's Handbuch, 1897, V, 1, T. — 

 Bernstein, Vjschr, f. ger. Med. u. ofE. Sanitatsw., 1905, XXXI, 1. 



Infectious Bulbar Paralysis (Pseudo Rabies). After the inocula- 

 tion of rabbits with the medulla from a cow and a dog which died with 

 suspicious symptoms of rabies Aujeszky observed a disease in the experi^ 

 ment animals which resulted in their death within 48 to 50 hours. The 

 most conspicuous symptom was a very severe itching at the point of 

 inoculation. 



According to his and to Schmiedhoff er 's investigations the disease 

 may be produced by subdural, intraocular, intramuscular, or subcutan- 

 eous inoculations of brain substance from animals dead of the disease, 

 or with parts of the tissues from the point of inoculation. The disease 

 may also be produced in guinea pigs, rats and mice, very easily in car- 

 nivorous animals, cattle and sheep, while the ass is less susceptible and 

 horses can be infected only with difficulty. Fowls are resistant to the 

 infection. Artificial infection occurs also by the feeding of organs con- 

 taining the virus to cats and dogs, as well as rodents. The virus is 

 most concentrated in the tissue fluids at the point of inoculation, then in 

 the blood and in the central nervous system. It is not present in the 

 bile, saliva, or urine (0.001 cc. of blood is sufficient to produce an infec- 

 tion) . Dense porcelain filters retain the virus, while the filtrate through 

 coarser filters, which however do not let bacteria pass, is infective in 

 large quantities. Attempts at cultivation have so far been fruitless. 



Virulent brain substance remains infective for months in 50% glycerin, 

 while by slow drying it is rendered avirulent in from 3 to 6 days. Defibrinated 

 blood kept in an ice chest, retains its virulence for from 1 to 3 weeks. Heating 

 to 55°-60° 0. destroys it in from 30 to 35 minutes, 80° in three mimites, and 100° 

 immediately. Of chemical agents, %% hydrochloric acid destroys it in 3 minutes, 

 1% corrosive sublimate immediately, 5% carbolic acid in 2 minutes, 3% lysol in 

 10 minutes, 2% formalin in 20 minutes, and absolute alcohol in 30 minutes 

 ( Schmiedhoff er ) . 



After a subcutaneous injection a local reddening develops at the 

 point of inoculation, which later results in a necrosis. The animals 

 scratch ^nd rub the affected part severely ; in the meantime they become 

 very weak, and usually die within a few hours. The experimental dis- 



