Anatomical Changes. 547 



especially of the vertebrae, the ribs and long bones. Less fre- 

 quent is tuberculosis of the mammary glands (Nocard). When 

 present it is usually in conjunction with disease of the joints 

 or of the muscles (Moule, Stroese, Winter, Hasenkamp). In 

 rare cases there is affection of the nasal mucous membrane 

 which manifests itself in diffuse induration and the presence 

 of tubercles and ulcers (Zschokke, Balas). Tuberculosis of the 

 eye (Manleitner, Keil) and tuberculosis of the ovaries (Hasen- 

 kamp) is also rare. 



Of 4,468 eases of tiibereulosis in swine observed in 1902 in the abattoir at 

 Budapest 97.5% had local, 2.5% generalized tuberculosis. In 87% the local tuber- 

 culosis was confined to one organ; in 74% the tonsils and retropharyngeal lymph 

 glands only were affected; in 13% several organs were affected in the same animal. 

 The lungs were involved in 100% of all cases of generalized tuberculosis, the spleen 

 in 97%, the liver in 91%, the bones in 43%, the joints in 15%, the muscles in 3% 

 (Breuer). — According to Stroh the lymph glands of the muscles were affected in 

 14.4% of all cases, the prescapular glands being involved in 52.65% of these, the 

 precrural in 34.1% and the popliteal glands in 13.3%. In 6,107 cases of generalized 

 tuberculosis studied by Henschel the prescapular glands were affected in 35.8%, 

 the precrural in 3%, the popliteal glands in 4.3%, the ischial glands in 1.1%, 

 the pubic glands in 2.8%, and the udder in 0.3%. 



American reports point to the extreme frequency of affection of the submaxillary 

 glands which are involved in 93% of all cases of tuberculosis of swine. 



In dogs primary tuberculosis may occur in the lungs or 

 in the digestive tract. Particular attention has been given to 

 this form of tuberculosis in the publications of Jensen, Cadiot, 

 Froehner, Ratz, Petit and Basset. In the lungs we find sharply 

 circumscribed tumors of variable size, which may consist of 

 sarcoma-like tissue of an even white texture on section, or 

 their interior may be a; viscous mass of pus. They may also 

 consist of dry, cheesy or chalk-like masses. Some of these 

 tumors may have developed into cavities, perforated a bronchial 

 tube or communicate with the abdominal cavity through the 

 visceral portion of the diaphragm (Fiebiger). In other cases 

 there may be broncho-pneumonic areas with small soft foci 

 in their grayish-red substance. The mucous membranes of the 

 bronchial tubes and the trachea may occasionally contain tuber- 

 cles or villous proliferations. The peribronchial and mediastinal 

 lymph glands are as a rule considerably enlarged, resemble 

 sarcomata on section, are grayish-white in color or their sub- 

 stance is dotted with cheesy foci or masses of viscous pus. If 

 the bronchial glands are much enlarged they may result in 

 an upward and backward displacement of the heart. In excep- 

 tional cases the tuberculous process is limited exclusively to 

 the latter glands or to these and the cervical glands while the 

 lung tissue remains normal in appearance or reveals only recent 

 changes. The pleura may contain tuberculous nodules or in- 

 durated areas, sometimes also papilloma-like proliferations or 

 tumors resembling pearly nodules (Wenzel, Joest). Some- 

 times there is an accumulation of reddish purulent exudateijCi 

 one or both pleural sacs, or there may be more or less extensive 

 adliesions. Affection of the pericardium usually results in ad- 



