560 Tuberculosis. 



nerves, especially incoordination of the extrinsic muscles of the 

 eyes and unequal size of the pupils. Later there may be ex- 

 treme stupor and finally complete unconsciousness; the animal 

 gets down, is completely helpless and occasionally makes forced 

 involuntary movements with the extremities. In the meantime 

 respiration and heart activity are subject to great variation, 

 not infrequently the Cheyne-Stokes type being observed. 



In tuberculosis of the eye, which is very rare, we may ob- 

 serve tubercles up to the size of a hemp-seed in the bulbar 

 conjunctiva (Priewe), in the substance of the iris (Winter), 

 or on the posterior surface of the cornea (Schmidt). The de- 

 velopment of the affection is attended, either from the beginning 

 or not until a later stage, with turbidity of the cornea and 

 symptoms of an acute iritis. The process usually terminates in 

 panophthalmitis and atrophy of the bulbus. 



In localization of the tuberculous process in the posterior portions 

 of the ocular globe, e. g., the posterior face of the lens, a diffuse iritis 

 and turbidity of the lens may be observed (Spoerer). "Winter observed 

 nodules in the sclerotic in the external canthus of the eye in one ease 

 and Lottermoser observed a tumor-like swelling, as large as a hazelnut, 

 in the lower nasal quadrant of the bulbus. The granular structure of 

 this growth could be observed through the overlying yellowish cornea 

 and sclerotic. There were observed, also, minute yellowish nodules in 

 the iris which latter was adhered to the turbid cornea. 



Manleitner found the eye affected in five per cent of all cases of generalized 

 tuberculosis. The choroid is most frequently affected (70%) although clinical 

 symptoms are usually absent while tuberculosis of the iris begins with symptoms 

 of iritis and leads to the formation of visible nodules. 



Of the bones we most frequently find a few ribs involved 

 which become thickened in circumscribed areas, cold abscesses 

 and fistulae developing in the surrounding parts. In disease 

 of the vertebrae symptoms pointing to compression of the 

 spinal cord is observed and usually sensitiveness to pressure 

 of the affected region of the spinal column. 



Haug observed stiffness of the hind quarters and tail and contraction 

 of the muscles of the loins and croup in tuberculosis of the first two 

 lumbar vertebrae. Hamoir and Stenstroem observed inability to stajid 

 and occasionally loss of sensation in circumscribed areas of the spinal 

 column, also lameness and genu-flexion. The general condition of the 

 animal often remained good. Wyssmann observed mydriasis in one case 

 of tuberculosis of the occipital condyles, also opisthotonus, heavy gait 

 and subsequently dullness. In a case observed by Gueldra an animal 

 with disease of the last two cervical vertebrae could not move its head 

 laterally and in another case tuberculosis of the twelfth dorsal vertebra 

 interfered with mastication and locomotion. 



Tuberculosis of the joints, most frequent of the knee, less: 

 common of the carpal or tarsal articulations (Gruillebeau) mani- 

 fests itself in subacute inflammation, moderate swelling and dis- 

 turbance of function of the affected joint. Upon puncture a 



