Symptoms in Swine. 565 



their forele'gs spread out and extended breathe spasmodically 

 with the aid of the accessory mnscles of respiration. The nutri- 

 tion suffers from the beginning except in a few cases where 

 the disease takes a chronic course. The animals emaciate 

 rapidly, the mucous membranes become pale, and death results 

 from exhaustion after a few months or sometimes in three or 

 four weeks. 



Solitary tubercles in the brain produce, at first, clonic 

 spasms and forced involuntary movements that may be limited 

 to certain groups of muscles or affect the whole body. Later 

 there may be paralysis of certain cranial nerves, or hemiplegia. 

 These symptoms are particularly frequent in young pigs. Vogt 

 observed paraplegia and prolapsus of the rectum in tuberculosis 

 of the fourth lumbar vertebra as a result of pressure on the 

 spinal cord. 



Tuberculosis of the eye manifests itself in turbidity of the 

 cornea and accumulation of a plastic exudate in the anterior 

 chamber with simultaneous affection of the posterior regions 

 of the ocular globe. Keil saw both eyes of a pig thus affected. 

 Tubercles in the background of the eye may also be recognized 

 with the ophthalmoscope (Azary). 



The bones and joints are particularly liable to become 

 affected in general tuberculosis. In addition to individual ribs 

 and vertebrae the articular surfaces of the bones of the ex- 

 tremities may become involved. The corresponding joints swell 

 excessively and impede locomotion. Now and then the process 

 extends to the skin from which point the accumulated cheesy- 

 purulent masses are discharged. Tuberculosis of the petrous 

 portion of the temporal bone causes vertigo and disturbance 

 of bodily equilibrium. Occasionally granulating growths are 

 observed in the external auditory canal when the latter affection 

 exists. 



Acute miliary tuberculosis is, as in other species, charac- 

 terized by high fever, dyspnea, diarrhea, rapid emaciation and 

 death after a short time. 



Tuberculosis of Dogs. The clinical picture of this disease 

 in dogs has been described most minutely by Cadiot and by 

 Froehner. The first symptoms, though usually not very con- 

 spicuous, are as follows: Capricious appetite, sUght emacia- 

 tion, exhaustion on running, difficult breathing, general weak- 

 ness, etc. In some cases the clinical evidence of the disease 

 is for a long time limited to the aforementioned symptoms 

 which are little characteristic. In the majority of cases, how- 

 ever, symptoms of tuberculosis of the lungs and abdominal 

 organs make their appearance. 



Pulmonary tuberculosis begins with a short dry cough 

 which may, in some animals lead to vomiting. Later on the 

 cough becomes more frequent, the patients discharge muco- 

 purulent secretions, there may be an occasional bloody dis- 

 charge from the nose and respiration becomes more and more 



