566 Tuberculosis 



labored (25 to 40 respirations per minute). Dry or moist rales 

 may be heard on auscultation, and percussion gives in spots 

 a dull or empty sound. In these areas the respiratory sounds 

 are either absent or they are bronchial in character. In rare 

 cases there may be indications of cavities (tympanitic or 

 amphoric sounds, succussion and amphoric respiration). Sen- 

 sitiveness of the thoracic wall, or continuous areas of dullness 

 which may extend over the entire field of percussion, together 

 with the absence of respiratory sounds may, in frequent in- 

 stances point to the existence of a pleuritis. If this occurs on 

 the left side, the beats of the heart, which organ has been 

 displaced to the right, may be felt on the right side. In rare 

 cases there may be symptoms of pneumothorax but these are 

 always attended with 'accumulation of large quantities of serous 

 exudate (dullness and muffled heart sounds). In the advanced 

 stage the greatly exhausted and emaciated animals are tortured 

 by a frequent spasmodic cough. The secretions discharged on 

 coughing are purulent, gray or greenish in color and, if cavities 

 are present, have a bad odor. Not infrequently there is a 

 nasal discharge which has similar characteristics. The exhaled 

 air, also, has a disagreeable odor. 



Tuberculosis of the pericardium occurs in the course of 

 the disease in the lungs or the pleurae or independently of the 

 involvement of any other organ. In either case it may lead 

 to the accumulation of large quantities of serous exudate and 

 manifest itself by the usual sjTnptoms of an exudative peri- 

 carditis. The nature of the affection may therefore be recog- 

 nized or suspected only by the insidiousness of its course or 

 by microscopical examination of aspirated pericardial fluid. If 

 the thoracic glands are much enlarged the heart sounds may 

 in exceptional cases become less distinct, the heart may be 

 dislocated upward and backward, and there may be symptoms 

 of compression of the esophagus (Marek). 



Tuberculosis of the abdominal organs is indicated in a 

 general way by impaired nutrition as a result of which the 

 affected animals become emaciated and anemic. If the lymph 

 glands are much enlarged they may be felt through the ab- 

 dominal walls. The enlarged liver may be recognized in the 

 same manner, also by the increased percussion dullness or by 

 the nodular border which may be felt behind the costal arch 

 and the xyphoid appendage. 



In the course of the disease the temperature is periodically 

 elevated (1° to 2° F. or more). Toward its termination the 

 pulse becomes soft and. rapid, the hea,rt beats throbbing. 

 Hydrothorax and ascites are eomparatiyely frequent. The 

 appetite is diminished, thirst increased and the mucous mem- 

 brane of the mouth is dry. Constipation alternates with per- 

 sistent diarrhea during which the intestinal evacuations contain 

 much mucus and occasionally also blood. Finally, after be- 

 coming extremely emaciated the animals die, the temperature 

 finally falling very low. 



