630 Tuberculosis. 



Literature. Smith, Transactions of the Assoc, of Amer. Physicians, 1896; J. 

 of exp. med.. 1898. III. — Koch, D. m. W., 1901, 549. — Szekelt, Cbl. f. Bakh., 

 1902. XXXII. 167; 1903. XXXIV. 161 (Review). — Gratia, Tub.-Kongr. Brussel, 

 1904 (Eeview). — Kossel, Weber & Heuss, Tub.-Arb. d. G.-A., H. 1 (Lit). — 

 Dammann & MiJssEMEiER, Bez. zw. d. Tub. d. Menschen-u. d. Tiere, Hannover 

 1905. — Ebek, Cbl. f. Bakt., 1906 XXXVIII. 449; B. t. W., 1910. 317. — Eabino- 

 wiTSCH, B'. kl. W., 1906. Nr. 24. — Fibigbk & Jensen, Ibid., 1907. 4. — Second 

 int.^ Eapport of the R. Comm. appointed to inqu. into the relations of human and 

 animal tuberculosis, Vol. 1 — 4. London 1907. — Mohlbr & "Washburn, An. Ind., 

 1907. Bull. 96 (Lit.). — O. Bang, Cbl. f. Bakt., 1908. XL VI. 461. — Zwick, Z. f. 

 Infkr., 1908. IV. 161 (Lit.). 



Tuberculosis of Fish and Reptiles and Other Cold Blooded 

 Animals. The acid and alcohol-fast bacilli that Silby obtained from 

 a garter snake, Bataillon, Dubard & Terre from a carp, Moeller from 

 a hazel worm (Anguis fragilis), and Friedmann from a turtle, are 

 regarded by these authors as closely related to Koch's tubercle bacillus. 

 The two first named, however, grow only at room temperature, like 

 saprophytes, but the turtle bacillus grows also at 37° C, producing 

 cultures very similar to mammalian cultures. It seemed also, that 

 Friedmann 's experiments in successfully immunizing rabbits against 

 human tubercle bacilli (see p. 599) as well as Moeller 's success with 

 the Anguis fragilis bacillus point to a close specific relationship with 

 mammalian tubercle bacilli. "Weber & Taute, however, concluded from 

 the results of their experiments that the so called reptilian tubercle 

 bacilli belonged to the group of acid-fast saprophytic bacilli which 

 gain access into the bodies of cold blooded animals and produce local 

 disease. (True tubercle bacilli inoculated into frogs remain virulent 

 for a long time and produce nodules of tubercles similar to those 

 produced by dead tubercle bacilli in other animals.) 



The bacilli of piscine tuberculosis are nonpathogenic for warm- 

 blooded animals. Nevertheless Dubard was successful in making the 

 fish bacillus very virulent for guinea pigs and Aujesky, by growing 

 the same bacillus at a temperature of 37° C. and by repeated passage 

 through the bodies of guinea pigs succeeded in producing a strain that 

 differed in no essential from the bacilli of guinea pig tuberculosis. 



The transformation of mammalian tubercle bacilli into reptilian 

 or cold-blood bacilli has, as yet, not been accomplished (the reported 

 positive results of Sorgo-Suess were not confirmed by Tsukiyama). 



Literature. Weber & Taute, Tub.-Arb. d. G.-A., 1905. H. 3 (Lit.). — 

 Atjjeszkt, Orvosi Hetilap., 1906. Nr. 8. — Sorgo-Suess, Wien. klin. W., 1907. Nr. 

 38. — Tsukiyama, Diss. Gieben 1908. 



2. Pseudotuberculosis. 



Since the discovery of Koch's bacillus such pathological 

 processes only are classified under the head of tuberculosis 

 as can be demonstrated to be due to this bacillus. Changes 

 that resemble those of tuberculosis from an anatomical point 

 of view and especially those that are associated with the 

 formation of nodules which bear a resemblance to true tuber- 

 cles, but are due to the pathogenic action of other bacteria 

 are occasionally observed as occurring in the internal organs. 

 Sometimes, also, such pathological changes are due to spiro- 

 chastae or animal parasites. Such cases are usually classed 



