634 Pseudotuberculosis. 



excessive emaciation gradually sets in ; at post-mortem examina- 

 tion cheesy foci are found in the lungs and occasionally in 

 the liver. Intravenous infection is followed by a development 

 of numerous cheesy foci in the lungs and extensive swelling 

 of the bronchial lymph glands. According to Nocard and 

 Glasser it is possible also to infect lambs and kids by inhala- 

 tion or ingestion of pure cultures. In both instances the morbid 

 process may become localized exclusively in the lungs. Swine 

 succumb to the effects of intravenous infection in 4 to 10 days, 

 to intraperitoneal infection in 8 to 15 days; post-mortem ex- 

 amination revealing many cheesy foci, particularly in the lungs 

 and in the liver, while the lymph glands are found to be greatly 

 enlarged and partly caseated (Norgaard & Mohler). Intra- 

 peritoneal infection may also result in nodule formation on the 

 peritoneum and in the lungs, while subcutaneous infection causes 

 nodule formation and destruction of the tissii^ at the point of 

 inoculation (Noack). In guinea pigs and rabbitd subcutaneous 

 inoculation results in the formation of cheesy nodules at the 

 point of inoculation, while administration of the virus into 

 the abdominal cavity is followed by the formation of caseo- 

 purulent foci in the lymphatic glands, the spleen, the liver and 

 the mesentery; occasionally small pseudotubereles will also 

 develop on the peritoneum. In male guinea pigs we have, in 

 addition, an inflammation of the enveloping membrane of the' 

 testes with the production of a purulent, fibrinous exudate, 

 but the inflammation is usually not as extensive as that follow- 

 ing infection with glanders (Preisz, Nocard). Pigeons and 

 fowls are not readily infected experimentally, and passage 

 through their bodies causes attenuation of the virus. 



According to Carre & Bigoteau the bacillus produces toxins in 

 peptone bouillon in the course of 5 or 6 days. The filtrate of such 

 cultures injected subeutaneously into sheep in doses of 1.0 cc. produces 

 a diffuse subcutaneous edema, extravasation of bloody serous fluid into 

 the body cavities, swelling of the spleen and intestinal hemorrhages; 

 following acute injections into the milk ducts there was swelling of 

 the udder, serous exudate in the pleural cavities and bronchial 

 hyperemia; intravenous administration is followed by excessive con- 

 gestion of the lungs and death within 8 hours. TKe toxin possesses 

 a, similar action on rabbits and guinea pigs, while injection of large 

 quantities of dead bacilli produces abscesses and cachectic symptoms 

 in guinea pigs. Goats are less susceptible and dogs and cats are 

 immune to the action of the toxin, while in horses and cattle it pro- 

 duces only a local inflammatory edema. Sheep that have been im- 

 munized against the toxin may be infected with live bacilli. Dassonville 

 demonstrated in cultures the presence of a toxin resembling diphtheria 

 toxin (see also p. 637). 



Noack believed to have discovered a certain relationship existing between the 

 form of the bacillus and its virulence in the sense that short oval rods such as 

 occur in the soft cheesy nodules and in other cultures, exert a much stronger 

 pathogenic action than longer and more slender forms, which are found in the 

 dry cheesy and calcified broken down foci. However, these various forms may 

 occur side by side in the same lesions. 



