(536 Pseudotuberculosis. 



According to compilations made by Noack including 180 cases, the lungs 

 were affected in 98.3%, the lymph glands in general in 80.6%, the muscle lymph 

 glands in 33.3% and the liver in 17.2%. 



Symptoms. If the morbid changes are limited to the in- 

 ternal organs the disease is usually not discovered until the 

 animals are slaughtered. Such animals may, however, appear 

 perfectly healthy or sho"w only indefinite symptoms of gradually 

 increasing anemia or cachexia. In other cases, on the contrary, 

 the affection of the lymph glands may be recognized during 

 life by the presence in various regions of the body of painless 

 tumors as large as a man's fist. These tumors occur most 

 frequently in the prescapular and precrural regions. The 

 general health of the animals is affected only in so far as the 

 enlarged lymph glands may produce more or less conspicuous 

 disturbance of locomotion. In some animals, however, cough 

 and marked dyspnea develop in the course of the disease, at- 

 tended with progressive emaciation and anemia, thus indicat- 

 ing the existence of subacute or chronic broncho-pneumonia. 



The disease always develops very gradually and fatal re- 

 sults have as yet not been observed in adult animals. 



Carre & Bigoteau report an enzootic among lambs a few weeks 

 cif age, which is evidently identical with pseudotuberculosis. In some 

 of these animals post-mortem findings were absolutely negative, while 

 in others multiple abscesses were found in the connective tissue and 

 sero-fibrinous inflammation in the carpal and tarsal articulations. In 

 addition, the incompletely healed navel of some of the animals con- 

 tained pus, the urine always contained albumen. The contents of the 

 abscesses consisted of a creamy, greenish-yellow pus from which the 

 Preisz-Nocard bacillus could be obtained in pure culture. 



Bridre described a disease among lambs which proved fatal at 

 about the age of three weeks. Post-mortem examination revealed ab- 

 scesses, principally confined however, to the liver and the lungs. A 

 small bacillus similar to the one mentioned above, could be cultivated 

 from the abscess contents. This bacillus would curdle milk, liquefy 

 coagulated blood serum, was non-pathogenic for rabbits and guinea 

 pigs but caused local abscesses when injected subcutaneously into sheep, 

 and was followed by death within 15 to 20 days when pure cultures 

 were injected into the navel of newborn lambs. 



Prevention. Since the active cause of this disease seems 

 to be widely disseminated in the litter or bedding, or on the 

 ground where infected herds have lived, infection per os can 

 hardly be effectively prevented, the disease can only be checked 

 by careful aseptic or antiseptic treatment of the navel after 

 birth and of the wounds resulting from amputation (docking) 

 of the tails. By this method (washing of the navel with Lugols' 

 solution and treatment with.1% iodine collodion) Carre reduced 

 the percentage of deaths in one herd from 50 to 0.3%. Bridre 

 also achieved good results by this method. 



