338 Pseudotuberculosis. 



acterized by very severe pains, rapid course, extreme hyperemia and hemorrhagic 

 serous infiltration of the intestines with acute swelling of the spleen, may be 

 ascribed to the toxins of the bacillus of pseudotuberculosis. 



Literature. Carre & Bigoteau, Hev. gen., 1908. XI 369 u. 433 (Lit.). - 

 Carre, C. E., 1910. CL. 350. 



(b) Pseudotuberculosis of Calves. 



(Pseudotuberculosis vitulorum.) 



This disease was observed by Vallee on an estate WMch 

 liad for a number of years suffered serious losses among calves. 

 They usually became infected one or two weeks after birth, 

 showing symptoms of great weakness, complete loss of appetite ; 

 death following without exception in the course of 8 to 10 days. 

 Post-mortem examination revealed in all cases numerous tuber- 

 cle-like, gray, and partly confluent nodules in the liver, while 

 other organs as well as the portal lymph glands were appar- 

 ently healthy. 



Many other bacteria and a very small immotile non-sporu- 

 lating bacillus which readily stained according to Gram, have 

 been cultivated from the liver. This latter bacillus does not 

 liquefy gelatin and produces minute translucent colonies on 

 coagulated blood serum, agar and potatoes. Cultures in bouillon 

 cause cloudiness of the medium and accumulation of a slimy 

 sediment does not cause fermentation of sugar nor coagulate 

 milk. Intravenous injection of the pure culture is fatal to 

 guinea pigs, rabbits and dogs in which cases small tubercle- 

 like nodules may be found in the liver and occasionally also 

 in the lungs. Guinea pigs become affected after their adminis- 

 tration per OS or intraperitoneally. Pigeons are affected only 

 after intravenous injection of cultures. 



The natural mode of infection has as yet not been satis- 

 factorily explained, probably it results through the digestive 

 canal (possibly from infected milk). 



In the livers of calves slaughtered in an apparently healthy condi- 

 tion in which post-mortem inspection revealed swelling of the spleen, 

 punctiform hemorrhages of the kidneys and occasionally bronchial 

 catarrh, Langer found numerous minute, grayish-white nodules which 

 contained a facultative aerobic Gram negative bacillus of the paratyphoid 

 group, and the cultures of which were agglutinated by typhoid serum 

 (Bac. nodulifaciens bovis). Pure cultures produced no toxins but on 

 administration to experiment animals resulted in the formation of 

 nodules in the liver, in rare cases also in the lungs and kidneys. Pitt, 

 who observed one case in which the navel and the umbilical cord were 

 considerably enlarged and edematous the mesentery glands swollen 

 and of a marrow-like consistency, recognized as the causative agent a 

 bacillus belonging to the group of Gartner's Enteritis bacilli. 



Literature. Valine, Eec, 1898. 400. — Langer, Dips., Gies7en 1904, — Pitt, 

 Cbl. f. Bakt., 1909. XLTX. 593. 



