654 Actinomycosis. 



on the epiglottis (Johne), while sessile pedunculated tumors 

 as large as a hen's egg, of spongy or firmer consistency, may 

 form in the larynx. 



In the lungs the disease is manifested by numerous gray 

 or yellowish tubercle-like nodules or tumors which are present 

 in large numbers in the lung tissue and contain a thick, mayon- 

 naise-like pus in their centers. Now and then an atelectatic 

 or marbled area of lung tissue may be riddled with foci con- 

 sisting of pus or tissue detritus. In such cases the .pleura is 

 thickened, occasionally covered with pedunculated tumors, or 

 the visceral and parietal layers are adherent. In exceptional 

 cases there may be hydropneumothorax (Moussu). 



The lymph glands are rarely affected and as a rule only 

 as a result of disease of the neighboring organs. They then 

 form firm tumors containing white or yellowish, glistening, 

 non-caseated nodules surrounded by a connective tissue capsule 

 and imbedded in the tough connective tissue of the substance 

 of the gland. The submaxillary, pharyngeal, subparotidial and 

 mediastinal glands are most frequently affected. 



In contrast to the not infrequent occurrence of this disease in the lymph 

 glands of cattle, actinomycosis of these organs has never been observed in man 

 (Ponfick, Israel, Bostrom, etc.). Schuhewitsch has observed the disease in the 

 lymph glands and its dissemination through the medium of the lymph vessels in 

 from 15 to 20% of all cases observed in cattle at the abattoir of Moscow. 



Actinomycosis is occasionally observed also in the follow- 

 ing organs : In the liver (Easmussen observed 20 cases in the 

 course of one year in the abattoir of Copenhagen; in a case 

 described by Balas infection was produced by a piece of wire 

 in the reticulum), in the spleen, in the kidneys, in the brain, 

 in the basal meninges, in the diaphragm, in the testicle 

 (Kowalewsky observed one case, in which this organ was ex- 

 tensively affected), in the uterus, in the vagina, in the bladder, 

 in the bones and in the muscles. In the muscles the disease 

 appears in the form of fibroma- or sarcoma-like masses and 

 in the form of pus foci containing yellow, sandy formations 

 and enclosed by means of a thick, tough connective tissue 

 capsule. 



Actinomycomata in the skin appear either as primary 

 lesions or as a result of the extension of lesions in the under- 

 lying tissues. This is particularly common in young animals 

 in which they occur below the ear and behind the lower jaw. 

 They are much more rarely met with in the subcutaneous con- 

 nective tissue, for instance, near the larynx where they appear 

 in the form of firm nodules, or in other regions of the body 

 where they appear as whitish, soft, but firm, foci. Infection of 

 the lips manifests itself by thickening and induration of this 

 organ. 



Primary actinomycosis of the udder is rare, but when 

 present, it appears in the form of nodes varying in size from 

 a bean to that of a walnut, enclosing soft purulent contents and 



